Preparation of nanoparticle-based immunosensor for diagnosis and evaluation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum samples of prostate cancer patients

Abstract

The specific and rapid diagnosis of disease-related biomarkers is one of the fundamental challenges in the field of medicine. In recent years, there have been significant advances in this field, to the extent that we are witnessing the emergence of modern and advanced methods for the detection of various biomarkers such as hormones, enzymes and proteins. One of the methods developed in the last decade is based on nanotechnology, among which biosensors are one of the most important and interesting. The aim of this study was to design a nanoparticle-based immunosensor for the detection and evaluation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum samples of prostate cancer patients. Method: The fabrication of a biosensor based on a novel electrochemical method and the use of nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles as well as the use of toluidine blue as an indicator was successfully carried out. Results: Under optimal conditions, a linear range from 1 micromol to 1 zeptamol was obtained and the lowest quantitation value (LLOQ) was 1 zeptamol. The biosensor created in this study, based on an antibody engineered from a specific gene, can be used to identify prostate-specific antigens in samples taken from patients or in environmental samples.