Efficient and Straightforward Spectrophotometric Analysis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) Using Citrate@Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as an Adsorbent

Abstract

Considering the importance of 5-HMF as a suitable indicator for quality due to the effect of storage conditions on its production, regulatory and therapeutic institutions need new and more accurate methods to measure its level in carbohydrate-based pharmaceuticals and foods.Goal:Inventing an accurate, fast and low-cost method to detect and measure the amount of 5-HMF in intravenous dextrose solutions.methods:In the first step, Citrate@Fe3O4 adsorbent was synthesized and confirmed for the extraction of 5-HMF. In the next step, the optimization of the extraction method was done by examining one parameter at a time, which included the amount of adsorbent, the type and volume of the desorption solvent, the adjustment of the absorption and desorption time, and the pH of the environment.Results:Under optimal parameters, the method exhibited excellent linearity in the range of 0.5-30.00μg/ml with the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.5μg/ml. Relative standard deviations (RSD) values for precision were better than 10% and the method's trueness were better than 10%. Recoveries were found to be in the range of 85% to 106%, indicating excellent accuracy and reliability. We used this method to identify and measure 5-HMF in six different dextrose pharmaceutical dosage forms as intravenous injectable solutions. Discussion and conclusion:The method developed in this research follows the synthesis of green chemistry and can be a very suitable alternative to commercial absorbents available in the market. The extraction process is completed in 10 minutes, which is a significant advantage for quality control laboratories with a high number of samples. Due to the ease of adsorbent synthesis and easy measurement of 5-HMF, the developed method can be easily implemented in quality control laboratories.