Investigation of the relationship between genotypes of the Echinococcus granulosus larval stage and clinical features of hydatid cysts in patients admitted to Emam Reza Hospital of Tabriz City

Abstract

Hydatid disease or Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larva of Echinococcus granulosus. This disease causes different clinical manifestations in patients. Hydatosis is still an important disease, causing heathl and economical problems worldwide, specially in Middle E ast. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and molecular features of hydatidosis and their correlations in Tabriz. Methods: The number of 38 human fertile (containing protoscolex) and sterile (sterile) liver hydatid cysts after confirmation by imaging methods and confirmation by the relevant surgeon between the years 2021 and 2022 from the patients hospitalized due to hydatidosis in Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz have been collected passively and the characteristics of the patients, including age and sex, the clinical manifestations of the patients, and the characteristics of the cyst, including its location, size, and shape, were recorded based on the findings of imaging and during cystectomy surgery, and after extraction, they were transferred to the Immunology Research Center for further tests. DNA of the samples was extracted using the Tissue DNA Isolation mini kit technique from cyst’s germinal layer and protoscolex. Then, PCR of the samples was performed with the mitochondrial COX1 gene. The appropriate products amplified by electrophoresis were sent to Codon Company to study the desired mitochondrial gene for sequencing. The chromatograms obtained using the SequencherTm 4.1.1 software (Gene Codes Corporation) were trimmed and edited using the reference gene and finally blasted and the degree of similarity of the obtained genotypes with the reference genotypes. The parasite was displayed in the phylogenetic tree. Results: The different clinical manifestations of hydatid cyst in patients and their different forms and the age and sex of the patients were recorded. The majority of patients were females (63%) and patient’s age mostly ranged from 50 to 60 and 30 to 40. Patient’s clinical manifestations based on prevelance were abdominal pain, jaundice, fever, hives and chest pain, respectively. cyst formation was mostly observed in the 6th and 7th segments of right lobe of the liver. The average size of the cysts is 110 mm. most of the cysts have unilocular shape and some were multi-vesicular. The genotypes of all types of cysts were extracted using sequence determination, and the G1 genotype was obtained for human hydatid cyst samples in Tabriz.