The effects of breathing techniques on pain severity, catastrophizing and resilience of patients with burn injuries: A quasi-experimental study

Abstract

Abstract: Aim & Design: Burn victims undergo painful and distracting events. In addition, the experiences of painful hospital treatments amplify this matter. The most common complaint of patients is severity of pain, which may be accompanied with catastrophizing pain and low resilience. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of breathing techniques on pain severity, catastrophizing and resilience of patients with burn injuries. Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was accomplished on 58 patients, referring to burn center of Sina teaching hospital Tabriz. Patients were recruited by purposive convenience sampling and then randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Breathing techniques intervention during bandage was offered to the intervention group and the control group received routine care. Tools used in the research were: Visual analogue scale, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (RIS-CD), 2003 and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) (Sullivan et al., 1995). The chi-square test and independent t-test were used for analyzing data. Also, p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of pain intensity score in the intervention group, before and after the intervention was 6.89 (1.49) and 4.48 (1.92), respectively, and in the control group, before and after, respectively (1.47). It was 6.51 and 6.10 (1.95) that the difference in pain intensity after dressing in the two intervention and control groups was significant (score range from 0 to 10). Also, the mean (standard deviation) catastrophizing pain score in the intervention group, before and after the interventions was 27.03 (9.86) and 13.62 (4.38), respectively, which was statistically significantly reduced. However, in the control group, the mean (standard deviation) before and after was 25.72 (7.22) to 30.26 (9.35), respectively, and the catastrophic score was statistically significantly increased (range of score 13 To 65). Also, the mean (standard deviation) of resilience of the intervention group before and after the intervention was 42.48 (15.99) and 74.78 (7.29), respectively, which was significantly increased. But in the control group, before and after were 56.46 (12.43) and 42.48 (15.99), respectively, which was significantly reduced (score range 25 to 100). (P<0/05( Conclusion: Applying breathing techniques may be beneficial in declining pain severity, catastrophizing and enhancing resilience of patients with burn injuries. Hence, it can be advised to nurses of emergency and burn centers to encourage patients to repeat breathing techniques throughout bandage in order to decay pain.