Effects of zirconium oxide on secondary metabolites of Achillea millefolium in invitro medium

Abstract

Introduction: Achillea millefolium is a plant of the Asteraceae family that grows on different continents of the world. Yarrow as a medicinal plant has many effects on the body. In vitro culture is a new way to obtain active pharmacologically and active metabolites of this plant. Zirconium oxide as one of the rare elements in plant metabolism and growth can be used as an elicitor to affect the production of some secondary metabolites. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zirconium oxide on secondary metabolites of Achillea millefolium through in vitro culture. Material and methods: First, the seeds were grown in MS medium and after a certain period of time, the plantlets were introduced into zirconium oxide medium. After a few weeks, we examined the secondary metabolites by LC-MS and GC-MS methods. We also examined growth parameters, total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant effects, chlorophyll pigments and their carotenoids. Results: The results of this study showed that of the apparent growth parameters, only the fresh weight and dry weight of plantlets increased compared to the control (P value <= 0.05). Examination of essential oils also showed that some compounds have been formed in treatments containing zirconium oxide that were not present in the control treatment. Also, the number of volatile compounds in the control treatment is more than other treatments, and this can justify the greater number of trichomes in the control treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study show that zirconium oxide can affect some physical properties. It also improves the production of some metabolites. Zirconium oxide can be used as an elicitor for the biosynthesis of valuable metabolites in the cultivation of medicinal plants.