The effect of photobiomodulation on repair of crushed inferior alveolar nerve caused by iatrogenic injuries in oral and maxillofacial surgeries

Abstract

. Purpose. Following oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgeries, inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) damage is common that can lead to sensory disorders, Although, most of these injuries (nearly 90 %) are temporary and heal within 8 weeks but if they last more than 6 months, they are considered permanent [1]. Photobiomodulation as one of the treatments, includes a variety of laser therapy methods that has no side effects and no high technical sensitivity [2]. In this article, based on the published findings, we examined the effectiveness of the laser at different time intervals on the rate of recovery of damaged IAN. Methods. As a systematic review, medline (Pubmed), Cochrane, Scopus, Embase and ProQuest databases were reviewed until October 12, 2020 and selecting them based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluating based on JBI checklist [3]. The tests examined include: VAS (visual analog scale) for sensitivity, 2- point discrimination, brush stroke, Semmes Weinstein, pinprick nociception and thermal discrimination. Results. Finally, 12 articles were included. We examined these studies in terms of the time interval between injury and the beginning of treatment in three categories: immediate, less than one year and over 2 years. Conclusion. In VAS test, LLLs alone or in combination with LED lasers can only be effective if used immediately after damages. Improvement of mechanical sensation, is very unlikely and only if immediate treatment is started. And in general, photobimodulation has no effect on improving the thermal discrimination.