Frequency of acute myeloblastic leukemia based on phenotype in children referred to Pediatric Hospital of Tabriz

Abstract

Leukemia is the most common childhood malignancy. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for approximately 30% of pediatric leukemias and has a higher mortality rate than other types of pediatric leukemia. Due to the fact that early diagnosis of AML in children helps to prescribe an appropriate treatment regimen and ultimately increase their survival, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of AML based on phenotype and disease in children in northwest of the Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 97 childeren with AML who referred to Tabriz Children's Hospital during the years of 2003-2020. Data related to demographic characteristics, type of AML phenotype, blood test results, disease outcome, response to treatment and patient's clinical symptoms were extracted from children's hospital records and statistically analyzed. Results: In this study, the mean age of children was 5 (0.2-14) years old. Also, 66% of children were boys and 34% were girls. The most common types of AML include (22%) M3, (20.9%) M1, (17.6%) M2, (16.5%) M0, (12%) M5, (9.9%) M4 And (1.1%) were M7. 51.5% of children responded to treatment and 48.5% did not respond to treatment. 80.4% of hospital children were discharged and only 19.6% died. The most common clinical symptoms are lethargy, weakness, fever, paleness, bleeding gums, petechiae skin lesions, bruising throughout the body, hepatosplenomegaly, anorexia, abdominal pain, limb pain, nosebleeds, lymphadenopathy, pain There were bones all over the body, bruising on one limb and splenomegaly. The mean WBC, hemoglobin and platelet counts were 5650, 8.7 and 4000, respectively. The mean prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were 13.5 and 31.3, respectively.