Evaluation of frequency and types of subtypes of acute leukemia in patients referred to the pathology department of Imam Reza Hospital in 2016 and its relation with clinical, morphological and immunophenotyping findings

Abstract

Acute leukemia refers to blood disorders that are present in more than 20% of immature cells in the bone marrow. Acute leukemia is divided into two types of acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemia based on morphological findings and cytochemistry. In the new classification, the WHO defines the types of lymphoid and myeloid based on the expression of the antigen. Each type of subtype is based on clinical and morphological findings with immunophenotyping with immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry and, of course, with genetic profiles. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study. This study was performed in Tabriz Imam Reza Hospital at the beginning of march 2016 to the end of March 2017. We first examined all bone marrow samples sent from Shahid Ghazi Hospital in Tabriz, which was suspected of detecting acute leukemia in evaluating bone marrow aspiration. Finally, the association of different types of leukemias with clinical, morphological and immunohistochemistry findings was statistically analyzed. Results: The most common markers among all acute leukemias were MPO and CD34, respectively (57.6%). CD20 (92.3%), CD34 (69.2%) and PAX5 (69.2%) had the highest prevalence among acute lymphatic leukemia, respectively. In acute myeloid leukemia, 95% of patients had positive MPO. Afterwards, in 87.5% of CD117 patients, CD34 was positive in the 50% of patients and the most prevalent. There was a significant relationship between mpo, cd117, tdt, cd3, pax5, cd20, cd5, cd11c and cd10, and leukemia type.