The Effect of Leg Elevation on Prevention of Edema, Pain and Anxiety in Patients undergoing CABG: RCT

Abstract

Abstract: Back ground: One of the problems post splenectomy in patients is Edema and pain is serious problem for take care of patients that's notably causes suffering and discomfort and anxiety of patients but also increase the cast of treatment and duration of hospitalization in hospital. Most studies have been done to compare effect of invasive and costly and Medicinal methods so Due to lack of studies about noninvasive methods and effect of nursing intervention. Therefore we decide to conduct a study with the aim of determining the effect of leg elevation on prevention of edema, Pain and anxiety in patient undergoing CABG. Method: This study was carried out on 81 patient candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) surgery in Tabriz in 2016. Participants were divided into 41 patients in two groups through Random blocking with 4 and 6 blocks by following the hiding of the assignment sequence. Intervention group ( lifting the leg up to 30 degrees ), control group ( routine cares ). Leg edema ( measure and severity ) pain and anxiety of patients by using a special form and VAS visual scale and asking form situational anxiety was measured in different stages to determine the effect of intervention. One _ way analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) with repeated measurements and ANCOVA tests were used in SPSS 13 software. Results: The results of within group comparisons of Edema ( average of shank and femora of legs ) and Edema severity of before surgery to compare with discharge time between in groups showed a significant difference to compare with between groups ( average of around right shank leg ). In discharge time there was a significant difference. The results of between groups comparison average of severing right shank leg in final discharge time there was a significant difference. Comparison within groups showed a significant difference of the average score pain at the time of before surgery and final discharge only in the intervention group. Comparison between groups showed a significant difference of the average score pain at the time of final discharge. Comparison between groups showed a significant difference of the average anxiety in patients at the time of final discharge. Conclusion : According to these results use of leg elevation is effective in preventing of edema and severity and in pain reduction after saphenous vein harvesting after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and considering its ease of use and since it is noninvasive, this method can replace of aggressive therapies to eliminate edema and pain of legs and effective casts and the hospitalization duration.