Electrochemical biosensing using N-GQDs: Recent advances in analytical approach

Abstract

This review is meant to provide an overview of the electrochemical biosensors based on Nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) for analytical approaches, along with significant advances over the last several years in related technologies. In addition, this review described: i) Most frequently applied principles in biosensing based on of N-GQDs ii) The aspects of fabrication in the perspective of biosensing applications iii) The potential of various electrochemical, biosensors for the determination of target analytes within sub-micromolar range and the circumvention of the most serious problem in biosensing will be discussed. iv) Some of multiplex electrochemical biosensors have been discussed with and without labels. v) We also summarize the latest developments in the applications of biosensors methods for detection of important analytes in real samples. vi) The development trends of biosensors are also introduced, including newly developed integrated biosensors based on (N-GQDs). (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.