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    Phytochemical investigation of Vitis vinifera leaves Raised in Malayer
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, 2024) Taghavi, Amirhossein; Nazemiyeh, Hossein; HamedYazdan, Sanaz
    Introduction: Vitis species are widely used in traditional medicine. Considering the relationship between the chemical compounds in plants and their observed effects, there is a need to investigate and identify the effective compounds of plants.Purpose : Until now, the attention of researchers has been focused on the grape itself and its core, and the grape leaves were often thrown away by farmers. This happens while grape leaves are a rich source of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidants. Considering the limited studies on the leaves of Vitis vinifera grape plant and the lack of domestic production of medicinal products from grape leaves, extracting and investigating the phytochemical compounds in the leaves of local grape cultivars will be innovative.Methods and materials: A sufficient amount of leaves of the plant were collected in the summer season from private farms in Malayer city (Hamadan province) and dried in the shade after washing. Dry samples were extracted by powder grinding and then by n-hexane, chloroform and methanol solvents and with the help of Soxhlet . Then their solvent was evaporated by the evaporator. The methanolic extract was fractionated and separated by various methods of solvent-to-solvent extraction and chromatography (column chromatography), and finally five pure substances were identified by NMR.Results: The following compounds were identified from the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanolic extract of this plant: rosmarinic acid 2 methyl quercetin 3-O-β-D glucopyranoside Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide 6′′-methylester phenyllactic acid kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide Conclusion: Phytochemical study on the ethyl acetate fraction of Vitis vinifera led to the isolation of five compounds. The main compound of the ethyl acetate extract of the plant is Quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside, which has strong antioxidant and anticancer effects.
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    Phytochemical study on Stachys kurdica BOISS & HOHEN
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2020) Farrokhi, Negin; Nazemiyeh, Hossein; Hamede yazdan, Sanaz
    Introduction: Stachys kurdica (Lamiaceae) is annual and perennial plant with rectangular stems, simple leaves, pistil inflorescences, radial calix, bilabial corolla and nutlet fruits in the form of ovules or spindles or linear . This plant is found in various natural habitats of Iran and especially in Golestan province from mountainous areas such as Chahar Bagh, Shahkoh, Ziarat and Golestan National Park .This plant used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, dermatological, gastrointestinal and used as anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, analgesic, etc. Goals: The aim of this study was to identify the chemical compounds in the extracts and evaluate their antioxidant activity. Methods: At first, the plant was collected from the lands overlooking the village of Sarai in the Islamic Island and after identification, the herbarium specimen was kept in the herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy. After drying the plant in shade and at laboratory temperature, it was extracted by n-hexane, chloroform and methanol solvents respectively in soxhlet apparatus. The dried n-hexane extract (3.65 g) was separated by decantation funnel into two methanol and n-hexane phases. Methanol phase collected (2.95 g), was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) using a step gradient of acetone in n-hexane (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 20%, 40% , 60% , 80% , 100%). The dried fractions were stained by TLC in two solvent systems. After merging similar fractions and dry and crystallize them at room temperature, the NMR method was used for identification. The MeOH extract (2g ˟3) was fractionated with SPE method by using Sep-Pack (ODS) and a step gradient methanol in water mixture (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%). These fractions were isolated by preparative HPLC and determination compounds by NMR method. Antioxidant activity of the plant was measured by DPPH on chloroform and MeOH extracts. Conclusion: Using preparative HPLC , the 40% methanolic fractions were separated and the compounds were collected according to the chromatograph pattern and retention time .by this method 2 compounds were separated and their structure were determined by ¹H,¹³C-NMR . The determined compounds were: 1) Scutellarein 7-O-β-[6”- (acetyl)] glucoside 2) Acacetin 7 –[6”( apiosyl)- 2”(acetyl)]-glucoside The results of DPPH test showed that MeOH extract of S. kurdica has more antioxidant effect in comparison to the chloroform extract.