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Subject: search.filters.subject.Candida albicans

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    Evaluation of cytotoxicity of nano graphene quantum dots and their in vitro antifungal activity on Candida albicans and Candida glabrata
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, 2022) Farrokhi, Negin; Dilmaghani, Azita; Halajnezhadi, Somayeh; Fakhari, Ashraf
    Introduction: In recent years, attention has been paid to new drug delivery systems such as Nano medicines for the treatment of diseases. Today, nanoparticles have found wide applications. Objective: Evaluation of cytotoxicity of nano graphene quantum dots and their in vitro antifungal activity on Candida albicans and Candida glabrata.Methods: In this research, the cytotoxicity of nano graphene quantum dots on HFF2 cell line was investigated using MTT assay. In order to study the antimicrobial effect of nano quantum dot graphene, the diameter of the halo of no growth was determined. The minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by serial dilution method in liquid culture medium. Next, the amount of minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was checked, and finally, the death time of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata cells was studied using the time kill study method.Results: Determining the diameter of the halo of non-growth showed that the effect of quantum dots against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata is less than amphotericin (as a standard) but comparable to it. The MIC for Candida albicans and Candida glabrata is 1.25 mg/cc and 6.25 mg/cc, respectively, and the MFC is 2.5 mg/cc and 25 mg/cc, respectively. The MTT test showed that with increasing amount of graphene quantum dot, its cytotoxicity for human cells also increases.Conclusion: Graphene quantum dots have good antimicrobial effects comparable to standard antifungal drugs (amphotericin) against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Also, the results showed that Candida glabrata is less sensitive to the antimicrobial effects of graphene quantum dots than Candida albicans. The selectivity factor for graphene quantum dots against human and fungal cells is low, and these nanoparticles, in addition to being toxic against fungi, may harm human cells as well.
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    Identification of Candida species isolated from clinical samples of neonatal and children admitted to Tabriz Children´s Hospital using PCR of rDNA-ITS in 2021
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, 2022) Mirzaee, Taraneh; Aslani, Narges; Ahangarzadeh Rezaee, Mohammad; Dilmaghani, Azita; Naghili Hokmabadi, Behrooz
    Introduction: Today, candidiasis is considered an important problem, especially among patients who are hospitalized for a long time. Although Candida albicans is the most common species isolated from colonization and candidiasis, in recent years we have witnessed the spread of infections caused by non-Candida albicans species (Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida glabrata) and other yeast species with different sensitivities and even resistance to common antifungal drugs prescribed in the intensive care unit. Among the 200 identified Candida species, a small number is related to normal flora of humans and some animal species. Also 20 of species are among the apportunistic pathogens of humans and animals and they play a role in causing disease and pathological symptoms. Objective: Determining the Candida species isolated from children and infants hospitalized in different departments of Tabriz Children's Hospital using conventional and molecular methods. Methods: To identify Candida species, the samples taken from children hospitalized in different departments of Tabriz Children's Hospital were cultured in specific environments. Then after examination with microscopic methods, genotyping methods including DNA extraction, and determination of the sequence of the ITS region were performed. Results: According to the tests and investigations carried out on the samples and matching the results of cultures and microscopic examinations with the results of DNA extraction and determination of the sequence of the ITS region of 97 examined samples, we found out that 50 of isolates were related to Candida glabrata, 34 isolates related to Candida albicans or Candida Double Nensis, 5 isolates related to Candida kefir, 6 isolates related to Candida krusei, and 2 of isolates were related to Candida tropicalis. Conclusion: According to the results, the most common species among our investigated samples was Candida glabrata which indicates the change of the main Candida albicans to non-albicans type.
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    Evaluation of the physicochemical preoperties of Flocytosine nanoliposomes and their in vitro antifungal effects on candida albicans
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2021) Diyanati, Haniyeh; Shayanfar, Ali; Baradaran, Behzad; Hallajnezhadi, Somayyeh; Dilmaghani, Azita
    Flucytosine has been approved as an antifungal drug for the treatment of systemic candidal infections, cryptococcal meningitis, fungal pneumonia, sepsis, candidal or cryptococcal urinary tract infections, and chromomycosis. Its off-label use is in the treatment of pediatric endocarditis caused by Aspergillus. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to prepare flucytosine nanoliposomes and to investigate their physicochemical properties and antifungal effects against Candida albicans and evaluate their toxicity on cervical cells via in vitro method. Flucytosine liposome formulations were prepared by mono-phase solution lyophilization. Liposomes were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, cytotoxicity, stability, release, crystallography, and calorimetric properties. Also, the minimum lethal and inhibitory resistance of both free forms and flucytosine nanoliposomes on Candida albicans yeast was studied by the micro broth dilution method. Results: Flucytosine-containing nano-lipomal formulations were successfully produced. The results of physicochemical evaluations showed that nano-liposomes had an encapsulation efficiency of 51%. Cytotoxicity studies showed that nano-formulated flucytosine did not have significant toxicity at effective concentrations and finally the stability results showed that the stability of nano-formulation is temperature-dependent and refrigerator temperature has the best conditions for long-term storage. Examination of the inhibitory and lethal concentrations of flucytosine against yeasts showed that encapsulation doubled its effectiveness. Release studies showed that nano-formulated drug had slow release rate of flucytosine Conclusion: Using the modified mono-phase lyophilization method, nano-liposomes containing flucytosine can produce good encapsulation efficiencies as well as enhanced antifungal effect relative to the drug solution. Nanoliposome did not have significant toxicity at effective concentrations and had slow release rate of drug than drug sloution