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Item type: Item , ZnO Q-dots as a potent therapeutic nanomedicine for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of mouth KB44, breast MCF7, colon HT29 and HeLa cancer cell lines, mouse ear swelling tests in vivo and its side effects using the animal model(2018) Fakhroueian, Z; Vahabpour, R; Assmar, M; Massiha, A; Zahedi, A; Esmaeilzadeh, P; Katouzian, F; Rezaei, S; Keyhanvar, P; Mozafari Dehshiri, ANanoformulations derived from fine porous ZnO quantum dot nanoparticles (QD NPs) can offer strong potential medical applications; especially in cancer therapy. ZnO QD NPs was synthesized by sol-gel hydrothermal process, fast cold quenching and further smart surface functionalization methods to obtain ultrasmall size (1-4?nm) NPs. ZnO nanopolymer, a wetting agent, PEG co-solvent and water/oil emulsion stabilizer were considered in our nanofluid formulation. The resulting nanofluid was characterized by SEM, FTIR, photoluminescence, band gap energy, zeta potential and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The cytotoxic effects on the growth of four cancer cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. The IC50 (آµg/ml) values of 30, 41, 40 and 35 for KB44, MCF-7, HT29 and HeLa cells, respectively, after 48?h of nanoformulation treatment suggested the cytotoxic effect of this nanoformulation on these cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner (p?Item type: Item , Zinc supplementation during pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial(2009) Aminisani, N; Ehdaivand, F; Shamshirgaran, SM; Mohajery, M; Pourfarzi, F; Sadeghiyeh Ahari, MDZinc deficiency during pregnancy has been related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the results of zinc-supplementation trials have not been consistent in improvement of pregnancies outcomes. This study was undertaken to investigate whether zinc supplementation was associated with pregnancy complications in Iranian women during the last 2 trimesters. It also assessed the anthropometric measurements of infants at birth. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Ardabil Province located in northwest of Iran. One-hundred ninty-six pregnant women between 16-20 weeks of gestation were recruited from urban healthcare centres. These women had no evidence of hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, history of prematurity, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) or low birth weight (LBW) infants. They were randomly assigned to receive zinc (50 mg daily) or placebo until delivery. Basic information was collected on socioeconomic status, reproductive and disease histories before randomization. The subjects were monthly followed during pregnancy and maternal complications were carefully recorded. The weight, length and head circumference of each infant was measured within 24h of birth. Of the 196 women, 17 were excluded from the study (9 in the zinc group and 8 in the placebo group, NS). The supplementation had no significant effect on prematurity, preeclampcia, PROM and stillbirth as well as gestational age, infant length and head circumference. The incidence of low birth weight was significantly lower in those under Zinc than placebo (p = 0.01). Meanwhile, pregnancy-induced hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) were observed only in the placebo group. The birth weight was also higher in the zinc group than that in the placebo group (p = 0.03). Supplementation with 50mg elemental zinc during pregnancy improved birth weight but did not reduce maternal complications. © 2009 by Razi Institute for Drug Research.Item type: Item , Zinc supplementation does not influence serum levels of VEGF, BDNF, and NGF in diabetic retinopathy patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial(2018) Kheirouri, S; Naghizadeh, S; Alizadeh, MObjectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of zinc (Zn) supplementation on serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with DR were allocated into the Zn (n = 25) and placebo (n = 25) groups to receive 30 mg Zn gluconate or maltose dextrin per day, respectively, for three months. Metabolic parameters and blood pressure were measured. Serum levels of Zn were assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and serum levels of VEGF, BDNF and NGF by ELISA. Results: Forty-five patients completed the intervention. Levels of VEGF, BDNF and NGF were not affected by the Zn supplementation. Levels of VEGF correlated negatively with levels of Zn and positively with BDNF and NGF. There was also a positive correlation between BDNF and NGF. Serum levels of VEGF, BDNF and NGF were negatively correlated with serum levels of the diabetic parameters measured. Conclusions: Strong positive relationship between the growth factors and their inverse association with metabolic factors is possibly suggesting the contribution of these factors in the pathogenesis of DR through acting in a same biological pathway. © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupItem type: Item , Wound or disintegration complex: a theory of wound hybrids(2008) Zadeh Farahani, RM; Tubbs, RS; Shoja, MM[No abstract available]Item type: Item , World leprosy day: Where does Iran stand(2013) Golzari, SEJ; Ghabili, K; Bazzazi, AM; Aslanabadi, S[No abstract available]Item type: Item , Women victims of self-inflicted burns in Tabriz, Iran(2004) Maghsoudi, H; Garadagi, A; Jafary, GA; Azarmir, G; Aali, N; Karimian, B; Tabrizi, MFrom 20 March 1998 through 20 March 2002, a total of 412 cases of self-burning were admitted to the burn center of East Azarbaijan, located in the city of Tabriz, Iran. The average age was 25.5 years; 99% of self-burning cases were female. A total of 76.5% of those patients were in the 15-19 and 20-29 year age groups. Most cases were married, housekeepers and illiterate and poor. Seventy-five percent of the patients had impulsive suicidal intention. The major motive was marital conflict. The mortality rate was 79.6%. The mean burned surface area was 65.5%. Kerosene was used by 77% of the patients as a burning agent. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.Item type: Item , Which levels of education in medical sciences utilize most the Problem Based Learning?- A citation analysis study(2016) Hazrati, H; Gavgani, VZObjectives: The main aim of this study was to illustrate the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) at the levels of curriculum, course, or lesson of medical education through the Scientometrics analysis of articles indexed in both world and national databases in order to create evidence for changing the curriculum of medical education into PBL. Methods: The Electronic databases of Web of Science (WoS) and PubMed, and Iranian Databases of Iran Medex, SID and MagIran were searched during the period of 2003-2013 for related articles using rigorous search strategies. All related articles were extracted and critically appraised based on the levels of education. Results: The study revealed that PBL is mostly applied in educational level of lesson rather than the curricula or courses around the world. The U.S. and the field of medicine were identified as the leading national and active fields in implementing and reporting the use of PBL among others. Few studies have provided evidence to implementation of PBL in medical education Conclusions: This study suggests the use of hybrid model of PBL with other methods instead of total curriculum change. It also suggests conducting rigorous studies on the utilization of PBL in medical education in Iran to fill the considerable gap of studies among the published literature.Item type: Item , What does the research say about androgen use and cerebrovascular events?(2018) Sadaie, MR; Farhoudi, M; Zamanlu, M; Aghamohammadzadeh, N; Amouzegar, A; Rosenbaum, RE; Thomas, GAMany studies have investigated the benefits of androgen therapy and neurosteroids in aging men, while concerns remain about the potential associations of exogenous steroids and incidents of cerebrovascular events and ischemic stroke (IS). Testosterone is neuroprotective, neurotrophic and a potent stimulator of neuroplasticity. These benefits are mediated primarily through conversion of a small amount of testosterone to estradiol by the catalytic activity of estrogen synthetase (aromatase cytochrome P450 enzyme). New studies suggest that abnormal serum levels of the nonaromatized potent metabolite of testosterone, either high or low dihydrotestosterone (DHT), is a risk factor for stroke. Associations between pharmacologic androgen use and the incidence of IS are questionable, because a significant portion of testosterone is converted to DHT. There is also insufficient evidence to reject a causal relationship between the pro-testosterone adrenal androgens and incidence of IS. Moreover, vascular intima-media thickness, which is a predictor of stroke and myocardial symptoms, has correlations with sex hormones. Current diagnostic and treatment criteria for androgen therapy for cerebrovascular complications are unclear. Confounding variables, including genetic and metabolic alterations of the key enzymes of steroidogenesis, ought to be considered. Information extracted from pharmacogenetic testing may aid in expounding the protective-destructive properties of neurosteroids, as well as the prognosis of androgen therapy, in particular their cerebrovascular outcomes. This investigative review article addresses relevant findings of the clinical and experimental investigations of androgen therapy, emphasizes the significance of genetic testing of androgen responsiveness towards individualized therapy in post-IS injuries as well as identifying pertinent questions. © The Author(s), 2018.Item type: Item , What did Avicenna (Ibn Sina, 980-1037 A.D.) look like?(2013) Erolin, C; Shoja, MM; Loukas, M; Shokouhi, G; Rashidi, MR; Khalili, M; Tubbs, RSWe present a reconstruction of Avicenna's face from the only photograph of his skull available today. The photograph is more than 50 years old, and was obtained during the exhumation of Avicenna's tomb in Hamadan for relocation. The reconstruction procedure was performed by the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification at the University of Dundee, UK. This is probably the first scholarly attempt to reconstruct Avicenna's face. Historians and clinicians who are interested in the history of medicine may find the current craniofacial analysis of Avicenna and the final output interesting and worth recording. The life, achievements and contributions of Avicenna to medical sciences and the influence of his "Canon" on Renaissance medicine are discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.Item type: Item , Web-based simulation of plasma drug concentration: An educational tool for clinical pharmacokinetics(2010) Bohlooli, S; Bohlooli, M; Mahmoudian, M; Banani, A; Mohammadi, SThe aim of present study was to develop an interactive web-based tool to teach medical students in clinical pharmacokinetics. The program was written in csharp (c#) language and its functionality was tested on Microsoft Internet Information Service (IIS) running on Microsoft Windows XP and, or Apache Web Server running on Linux Debian. Data of pharmacokinetic type was stored in a xml file, patient specific information such as plasma creatinine level, age, weight and gender are entered by student, some other data such as loading dose, maintenance dose and dosing interval are subject to the patient's physiological and pathological conditions are also judged by student and entered with the prior knowledge of specific drug and current selected patient's conditions. It is expected that this program should help students and other interested people to better understanding of clinical pharmacokinetics.