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Detemination of aspitan (Fluvalinate) residue in honey and bee,s wax samples of Tabriz market
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2019) Rashidi, Shiva; Javadi, Afshin; Nemati, Mahboob; monajemzadeh, Farnaz
Introduction: Fluvalinate is a pesticide, placed in honey bee hives to prevent acarids and pests infestation. A strip containing 10% fluvalinate, starts to affect in 6 to 8 weeks exposed to honeycombs. Expoture to this toxin can cause irritation, burning, headache, nausea etc. Aim: The aim of the present study is to detect and assay fluvalinate in samples of honey and beeswax, marketed in Tabriz city. Materials and Methods: In this study, 19 samples, including 14 samples of honeydew and 5 samples of beeswax were collected and assayed, using a new DLLME method coupled GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. The fluvalinate in the samples was first extracted by octanol and then concentrated by a liquid-liquid micro extraction method (DLLME). Results: Findings suggest that no toxin i.e. Apasitan and its possible interferers (Fenarimol, Tetradifone, Chorothalonill, Buprofezin, Molinate),were found in any of the honey samples abtained from local marceket. Discussion: in the analysis of the samples, GC-MS method was used to confirm the results of the assay by GC-FID, results of which proved no fluvalinate-infestation in studied honey samples.
The association of lymphocytes to neutrophils and lymphocytes to platelet ratio with ST segment resolution following primary angioplasty in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 2019) Hassanzadeh, Asiyeh; Ghaffari, Samad
One of the most prominent inflammatory markers that have been taken into consideration in the prognosis of myocardial infarction is the reduction in the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the ratio of lymphocyte to neutrophil and lymphocyte to platelet resolution with ST segment following PTCA in patients with STEMI. Materials and Methods: In this study 218 patients with acute myocardial infarction were included in the study. Demographic variables and CBC results were recorded at the hospital entrance. The cardiovascular stroke taken in the emergency room before coronary angiography as well as the cardiac arrhythmia from patients were examined for 90 minutes after PTCA in the CCU and the rate of ST segment drop in the lids that had an ST segment elevation was evaluated by the cardiologist Researcher) was evaluated. Patients who had had at least 50% ST drop after 90 minutes of treatment were considered as patients who did not respond appropriately. Results: The results of this study indicate that there is a direct and significant relationship between LNR and LPR with ST segment resolution. The results of linear regression analysis and t-test showed that with increasing LNR and LPR values, ST segment resolution was higher and the patient had better outcomes. The LNR in ST resolutions was equal to and above 50% equal to 0.68 ± 0.66 and in the resolutions below 50% was 0.33 ± 0.32. The mean ± standard deviation of LPR in ST resolutions was equal to and higher than 50%, equal to 0.0780 ± 0.0069 and in the resolutions below 50%, was 0.104 ± 0.0055.
Evaluation of Marginal fit of 3 units fixed partial dentures fabricated with polyether ether ketone and Zirconia
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences-School of dentistry, 2019) Emamgolizadeh, Rogayyeh; dental prosthesis; Badamchizadeh, Sina; Hafezeqoran, Ali
Introduction: Increasing society's demand for more beautiful teeth on the one hand and the inherent problems of metal-ceramic crowns such as the appearance of a black metal collar and the change in the color of the gum caused by metal corrosion on the other hand has led to the all ceramic restorations have a great deal of popularity between patients in dentistry. Among the many indicators in the success of a restoration the marginal fitness is important, hence the purpose of this study is to help to select a restoration that has better marginal fitness. Materials and Methods: Two acrylic models of the first molar and first premolar were prepared with a shoulder finish line in a conventional manner of full-ceram preparation and we made an impression and duplicated to a resin dye casting process was performed and metal dies were made without any irregularities and four points was determined on the dye to evaluate the marginal integrity and was made impression 26 times from the dye and molds were poured with type ΙV stone. The casts were divided into two groups: 1. For making Zirconia FPD 2. For making of BioHPP FPD. 3 units Fixed partial dentures are made by the CAD / CAM system. Then, marginal adaptation of the crowns on the original metal dye was evaluated by a Stereo Microscope; a digital camera and a computer. The results of the study were reported using descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation and frequency (%)). Independent t-test was used for comparing marginal adaptation in two groups. Normality of data was analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS17 software and a significant level of p <0.05 was considered. Results: According to the results of this study, mean of marginal gap in zirconia crowns were 65.85 ± 44.2 μm and in the BioHPP crowns was 66.98 ± 47.4 μm. The results of the T-test indicated that zirconia crowns have a slightly better marginal integrity. Conclusion: The rate of marginal discrepancy in zirconia and BioHPP crowns is below 100 μm and is clinically acceptable.
Investigating Personality Elements According to the Cloninger, in Patients with Various Types of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 2019) Pirahmadi, Afra; Zamanlu, Masumeh; Farnam, Alireza
Personality backgrounds related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been investigated for several decades, including categorical personality disorders, five factor personality traits, behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation system and the personality theory of psychotism, neurotism, extraversion/introversion. However, subscales (lower order traits or component facets) of character, as well as relations with OCD types in Vancouver have not been mentioned. The aim of the current cross-sectional study is to evaluate scales and subscales of temperament and character in OCD and its Vancouver types. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one OCD patients (age: 30.59±9.49 years) diagnosed based upon DSM-IV criteria; and 53 age- and gender-matched control subjects free of psychiatric disease (age: 30.23±9.41 years) were incorporated. Patients and controls completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125). OCD patients completed the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI) as well. The scores of TCI seven factors and subscales were compared in OCD patients and control subjects. Results: OCD patients showed highly significant increase in harm avoidance, anticipatory worry, fear of uncertainty, shyness, fatigability, and persistence; as well as highly significant decrease in attachment, self-directedness, responsibility, purposefulness, resourcefulness, spontaneity, cooperativeness, tolerance, compassion, principledness, transpersonal identification and personality development. Persistence and self-directedness showed significant correlations with OCD types including checking, obsessions, hoarding, just right, indecisiveness and total VOCI score.
Comparison of the effect of lumbar segmental stabilization exercises and general exercises on static postural stability in patients with grade I spondylolisthesis
(Tabriz University of Medical Science, School of Rehabilitation, 2019) Choopani, Rasool; Salahzadeh, Zahra; Azghani, Mahmood Reza; Physiotherapy; Ghaderi, Fariba
Background and aim: Spondylolisthesis is known as a slippage of a vertebra against the caudal one and causes a spinal segmental instability. There is no consensus on the most useful type of exercises. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of stabilization and general exercises on pain, disability and postural stability variables in these patients. Methods: 24 patients randomly assigned into the stabilization (n=12) and general exercise (n=12) groups. Both groups performed the exercises 2 times a week for a period of 2 months. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Quebec back pain disability questionnaire were used to assess the pain and functional disability, respectively. Postural stability has been evaluated by using a force platform with eyes opened and closed while standing on firm and foam base of support. The mean total velocity (M-V) and the SD of velocity in sagittal (SD-Vy) and frontal (SD-Vx) plan were the parameters chosen to address the postural stability. Results: There was a significant decrease in VAS and Quebec in both stabilization and general exercise groups (P= 0.001, P< 0.001 for VAS and P= 0.001, P= 0.001 for Quebec respectively). Significant decrease has been observed in SD-Ax, SD-Ay, SD-A, CV-Ax, CV-Ay and CV-A in both groups (P<0.001). M-V and M-A increased significantly in the stabilization group. Conclusion: Both the stabilization and general exercises can improve pain, disability and postural stability in spondylolisthesis patients. The effectiveness of these exercises may be in different directions.
Effect of Echium amoenum Hydroalcoholic Extract on Restraint Stress-induced Depressive- and Anxiety-like Behaviors in Mice
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Traditional Medicine, 2019) Nouri, Mohammad; Hamedyazdan, Sanaz; Sadigh-Eteghad, Saeed; Ranjbar, Fatemeh; Traditional Medicine; Araj-khodaei, Mostafa; Torbati, Mohammadali
Abstract Introduction: Depression is a threatening disease. Due to adverse effects of chemical antidepressant drugs, researcher’s attention has been shifted toward natural drug. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effect of Echium amoenum (E. amoenum) treatment on anxiety- and- depressive-like behaviors as well as neuroinflammation and hepatotoxicity markers in restraint stress (RS)-subjectedmice. Methods: Phytochemical properties of E. amoenum extract analyzedby evaluation of total phenolic, flavonoid, rosmarinic acid levels and radical scavenging activity. For behavioral studies, animals were randomly assigned into five groups as follows: control, RS, RS+E75, RS+E150, and RS+E300. Animals in the RS group were subjected to the RS (3 h/day for 14 days) and treated with normal saline, while treatment groups were received different doses of E. amoenum (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg, P.O.) concomitantly with RS exposure. At the end of the period, behavioral tests were used to evaluate depression and anxiety.Moreover tissue samples from the prefrontal (PFC), hippocampus (HIP) and liver were performed to assess protein expressions of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and liver histology and blood samples for the evaluation of corticosterone, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine phosphatase (ALP). Findings: E. amoenum increased percentage of presence in the central area of the Open Field Test, percentage of frequencies and spent time in open arms of Elevated Plus Maze. Also it decreased the immobilization time in the Tail Suspension and Forced Swimming Tests. These results were accompanied by decreased serum corticosterone levels. Furthermore, E. amoenum decreased protein expression of neuroinflammatory markers in the HIP and PFC subregions. Although RS slightly increased serum levels of liver injury markers, no histopathological changes were seen in the RS or E. amoenum-treated groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that E. amoenum can be an effective and safe complementary strategy for the treatment of stress-associated biochemical and behavioral changes. Keywords: Restraint stress, Anxiety, Depression, Neuroinflammation, Echium amoenum, Corticosterone,
Evaluation of awareness, treatment, control of hypertension and its effective factors in adults over 30 years old Covered by Salmas County Comprehensive Rural Health Service Centers
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, 2019) Nalband Salmasi, Massoumeh; Gilani, Neda; Health education; Shamshir garan, Seyed Morteza
Background: Hypertension is one of the major and growing health problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the Evaluation of awareness, treatment, control of hypertension and its effective factors in adults over 30 years old Covered by Salmas County Comprehensive Rural Health Service Centers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 756 people over 30 years old Covered by Salmas County Comprehensive Rural Health Service Centers that Selected By cluster sampling. Data were collected by using checklist and demographic questionnaire, and then data were analyzed by SPSS25 software. Findings: In this study, 95 (65.48%) were male. The mean and standard deviation of patients' age was 58.86±12.08 years. Regarding the knowledge and perception of hypertension, 45.24% of patients were moderate, 29.5% were good and 15.61% were poor. Persons younger than 40 years of age, government staff, and diplomas education and higher were significantly better informed than other about hypertesion. Most of the study subjects by controled blood pressure were men with of 67.3%, age group of 50-60 years with 63.72%, diploma and above 80%, government staff with a 83.33%, normal weight 73.70%, and non-smokers 63.48% were. The results of adjusted ordinal logistic regression showed that compared to the age group of less than 40 years, the age group of 50-60 years had lower awareness score. Compared to the illitrate, those with a high educated, and diploma or higher had a higher knowledge score. Adjusted logistic regression results showed that there was no significant relationship between demographic variables and hypertension status. Conclusion:Participants had good and acceptable knowledge about hypertension, and were in a good level in functional aspects such as disease control and compliance. Health care providers should strengthen their programs by focusing on identifying risk factors for hypertension, regular drug use training, nutrition and physical activity to help improve the knowledge of patients, especially the elderly.
Effect of the use of acidifiers on the crystallization of dihydroamidol from supersaturated state
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, faculty of Pharmacy, 2019) Asghari , Farshid; Maghsuodi, Maryam
Introduction: poorly water soluble basic drugs are very sensitive to pH changes and following dissolution in the acidic stomach environment tend to precipitate upon gastric emptying, which leads to compromised or erratic oral bioavailability. Aim: In this work the inhibitory effect on Dipyridamole percipitation in buffer solution (pH=6.8) was evaluated using acidifires including Tartaric acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid and Adipic acid. Methods: Upon induction of supersaturation in buffer solution using a pH shift method and concentration of drug was assessed as a function of time. The area under the concentration-time curve values were calculated for each evaluated composition to provide a quantitative means of comparing the extent of supersaturation. Formulations containing drug and acidifiers were produced by solvent evaporation and were characterized using dissolution studies and characterized by FT-IR and differential scanning calorimetry. Results: Supersaturation in buffer solution (pH=6.8) was observed for Dipyridamole, but proved to be unstable due to fast precipitation. acidifier- mediated stabilizing effects on supersaturation were observed using Citric acid. Dissolution analysis revealed that using of DP-CA formulation functioned to improve dissolution performance of DP formulations by stabilizing supersaturated state of the drug. Interaction between drug and acidifier which was confirmed by FT-IR and DSC was necessary for supersaturation stabilization. Conclusion: From these findings, the addition of Citric acid and Tartaric acid in Dipyridamole formulation might be beneficial to enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of Dipyridamole.
Evaluation of pharmacy information for pharmacy clients to prepare medicines in Bukan, oshnaviyeh and Piranshahr cities during (2019)
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2019) esmaeili, Behrouz; Siahi Shadbad, Mohammadreza; Mohjel Naeibi, Alireza
Introduction: Self-medication is one of the most important problems in the treatment patients with multiple diseases. At this time, this phenomenon has created multiple issues such as bacterial resistance, unwanted poisoning and interfere in treatment of diseases, which increases the side effects and adverse effects of the drugs used. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate awareness of pharmacy clients and pharmacy officials about self-medication. Materials and methods: A standard questionnaire was designed and used for data collection. The first section, which included a demographic informations of the participants, the next section contain of standard questions that assess people's knowledges about OTC and POM drugs. Questionnaire data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 24 software. Results: According to the results of the study, 50% of the people who participate in this study had an apropratie knowledge and education. Most clients at the pharmacy were between 30 and 40 years old that try to have self-medication. They were generally less literate about using and prescription of OTC drugs. There was also a demand for POM drugs among people with high literacy levels. Most POM drugs were in demand for lifelong diseases. Discussion: The results of this study showed that about 67% of the requested drugs were POM and about 36% were OTC. The use of POM drugs is was twice than OTC drugs. It was in other side of our expectation beceause we expecting OTC self-medication was more. Based on our result 50% of medications were prescribed by a physician but remaining 50% were due to self-medication. The results of this study showed that people's awareness about self-medication is low in our society.
Comparison of suppressive hormonal therapy(Low dose oral contraceptive)with aspiration in regression of ovarian endometrioma
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, 2019) Modabber, Rana; Hamdi, Kobra; Jabbari, Hosein; Oulad Saheb Madarek, Elaheh
Background:. Endometriosis is a benign estrogen dependent disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.There are debates regarding the treatment of ovarian endometrioma which depends on various factors such as ovarian reserve before treatment, cyst location, patient's age, and previous treatment. Since medical therapies reduce the symptoms of ovarian endometrioma, different surgical therapies also have been proposed; however, as most of these methods end in lowered ovarian reserve, this study was conducted to investigate and compare the effects of LD contraceptive with aspiration in regression of ovarian endometrioma. Materials and Methods:. This clinical trial was conducted on 50 women aged 15-45 years who had referred to Al-Zahra Hospital with the ultrasound diagnosis of unilateral ovarian endometrioma ≤6 cm and CA 125test <100 unites/ml. Written consent was obtained and the participants were randomly assigned to drug therapy and cyst aspiration groups. The former received one LD contraceptive tablet daily for 3 consecutive months and in the latter, ultrasound-guided cyst aspiration was conducted by an infertility subspecialist. All of the patients were followed up for 6 months in terms of clinical symptoms and cyst regression/recurrence. The data were analyzed in SPSS 25. Results: Findings showed that post-treatment clinical state of the patients (dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain) was generally improved in both groups(Pvalue< 0.001), though dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain reduction was significantly higher in those received LD contraceptive pills. The rate of cyst recurrence over 6 months was remarkable in the aspiration group (0% in the drug therapy group vs.44% in the aspiration group, P value< 0.001).
Validity and Reliability of Food Addiction Inventory among High School Students in Marand County
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, 2019) Zanbori, Vajiheh; Sarbakhsh, Parvin; Health education; Jahangiri, Leila
Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2020, chronic non-communicable diseases will account for three quarters of deaths in developing countries and nutritional problems are the root cause of many major chronic diseases. Food addiction at the individual level causes problems in physical and mental health and social dysfunction of individuals, and also affects family functioning by affecting family relationships. Drug addiction can cause many physical and mental problems. Therefore, there is a tool to identify this behavioral disorder of the health needs of communities . Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of food addiction inventory. Methods and materials: In this study, 280 students participated through cluster sampling from high schools. The instrument of the present study is the Yale food Addiction Questionnaire. Data were collected by anthroupometric measuring (height and weight) and evaluation based on the viewpoints of the participants by filling in the questionnaire. In order to examine the reliability of the questionnaire, the internal consistency method was applid by Cronbach's alpha and test-retest. To assess the content validity, relative content validity coefficient (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used and instrument validity was conducted through exploratory and exploratory factor analysis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23 software. Results: 52% of the participants were female and 48% were male. 78% of the participants had normal or thin BMI, 15.5% were overweight and 5.9% were obese. 52% of participants were 15-16 years old and 48% were aged 18-18 years old. To verify the reliability of the questionnaire, we used internal consistency method using Cronbach's alpha. The Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was 0.724. The questionnaire was used to verify the reliability of the questionnaire and the internal correlation index of the items was at the range of 0.288-0.882. Content validity was confirmed by using two relative content validity and content validity index. The validity of the instrument was analyzed by factor analysis by main components and varimax rotation, and taking into account a special value larger than one. To determine the number of factors, the study events were carried out, with 8 factors identified. In this study, the confirmatory factor analysis was fitted to the 12-factor main model and, with regard to the poor fit of the event model, we used index correction for the improvement of the model. Finally, after the displacements and changes on the main model, a model with seven factors was obtained that has moderate fit of the events. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the reliability of the Persian version of the questionnaire is approved, but due to the poor fit of the event model, validation with the data mentioned in our population is not present and the results of factor analysis and exploration of the dimming of the 8 dimensions of the questionnaire in the target population A further study should be done on the localization of this questionnaire, and if this questionnaire is matched with Iranian culture or a change in some of the questionnaire questions, it can be used in future research and therapeutic activities.
Evaluation the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on the survival of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium nutatum in probiotic yoghurt
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2019) Mirzalou, Zahra; Homayouni Rad, Aziz
Introduction: Dairy product can be physically, chemically or microbiologically spoiled. Mold spoilage is one of the major problems in the dairy industry, which increases the refer of dairy products and also major threat to human health. According to consumer concern about food safety, hazard of chemical preservatives and the requirement for foods without preservatives, the use of bioprotective cultures extends as natural preservatives. The aim of this study was investigated the effect of lactobacillus plantarum on the survival of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium nuthatum in yoghurt. Material Method: For this purpose, 12 types of yogurt were produced. 12 types of yogurt were produced. Plan yoghurt, plan yoghurt with Aspergillus niger, plan yoghurt with Penicillium nutatum. Probiotic yoghurt, .Probiotic yoghurt with Aspergillus niger, Probiotic yoghurt with Penicillium nutatum, acidial yoghurt, acidial yoghurt with Aspergillus niger, acidial yoghurt with Penicillium nutatum, acidial probiotic yoghurt, acidial probiotic yoghurt with Aspergillus niger , acidial probiotic yoghurt with Penicillium nutatum. All acidial yoghurt prepared by GDL( Glucono Delta Lacton).For 28 days, it was stored at 4 ° C and evaluated for microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties in 3 replicates during days (1,7,14,21,28). For 28 days, it was stored at 4 ° C and evaluated for microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties in 3 replicates during days (1,7,14,21,28). Result: The results show that starter and acidic environments of yoghurt can not affect the number of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum, and Lactobacillus plantarum decreases the number of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium Nutatum independently.
Study on the effects of Feric nitrilotriacetate on 7, 12-Dimethylbez (a) anthracene and benzyoil peroxide induced skin tumorigenesis in the mice
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2019) Ansarinia, Mitra; Rezazadeh, Hassan; Bavilli, Ahad
Cancer incidence is one of the human problems and in order to understand its mechanistic aspects several studies have been performed. Ferric nitrilotriacetete¬(Fe-NTA) causes tumors in the kidney. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the carcinogenesis effect of Fe-NTA in mice skin. Methods¬&¬Materials: In first the back of the mice were shaved. After 24hours the materials were applied to the skin of mice, the mice 3¬doses of 6,¬9 and 12mg of Fe-NTA Topical tumor tumors of mice were examined locally on each rat for 15 days. After 9hours of the last dose of rats 7,12-dimethylbenzo(a) anthracene received 60(μg). Then, they were exposed to benzoyl peroxide 20mg /200μl twice a week for 28 weeks. After 7 days, animals were promoted topically by banzoyl peroxide¬(BPO) twice weekly for period of 28¬weeks. Results: At the end of 10th week the first tumors were observed in the group of animals receiving ferric nitrilotriacetete 12¬mg, plus DMBA and promoted with BPO. However in the control group, the tumor occurred at end of the week 14. Also both number and percentage of tumor incidence significantly were higher in group receiving Fe-NTA 12¬mg at various time points. Further, in the tumor tissues the level of iron was higher in Fe-NTA¬(12 mg) treated animals. The results of this study may suggest that oxidative stress generated by iron overload is responsible for the BPO-mediated skin carcinogenesis. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed that higher dose of Fe-NTA could exacerbate skin tumors in comparison to the control group. Overall, our study demonstrates that Fe-NTA in its high dose is responsible for mouse skin carcinogenesis. The role of excessive doses of Fe-NTA in mice skin induction may be due to its potential capabilities of producing oxidative injuries and DNA damage.
The Effect of Seidlitzia Rosmarinus (eshnan) on the Prevention of Recurrent Cystitis in Women of Reproductive Age: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 2019) Gholizadeh, Golchehreh; Mirghafourvand, Mojgan; Khodaie, Laleh; Midwifery Education; Kamalifard, Mahin; Abbasalizadeh, Shamsi
Abstract: Introduction: Developing cystitis twice or more in six months or thrice or more in 12 months is referred to as recurrent cystitis. The WHO has recommended alternative and herbal medicine for the treatment and control of the symptoms of this common disease. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of Seidlitzia rosmarinus (eshnan) on the prevention of recurrent cystitis in women of reproductive age. Methods: The present triple-blind clinical trial was conducted on 126 women (63 women per group) aged 15 to 49 years with recurrent cystitis referring to any of the health centers in Parsabad, Iran, between October 2017 and November 2018. The participants were assigned to the intervention (Seidlitzia rosmarinus) and control groups using block randomization. Three 500-mg eshnan or placebo tablets were taken orally with a glass full of water by the participants half an hour after each meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner) every day for two months. The study subjects were clinically (examination of clinical symptoms) and para-clinically (urine culture) evaluated by the end of the second, fourth and sixth months after the intervention and every time they showed clinical symptoms of cystitis. Results: The present findings showed that the incidence rate of cystitis was significantly lower in the intervention (eshnan) group compared to the control (placebo) group 2, 4 and 6 months after the intervention (P<0.001). The incidence of recurrent cystitis (twice or more urinary tract infections in six months) was also significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Two months after the intervention, the incidence of symptoms of urinary frequency, dysuria, hematuria and pain in the suprapubic area was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Four months after the intervention, the incidence of symptoms of urinary frequency, dysuria, urine color change and hematuria was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Six months after the intervention, the incidence of symptoms of urinary frequency and oliguria was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.05). No side-effects were observed in either the intervention or control groups in the present study.
Identification of H3 Ligands through Hybrid Virtual Screening, Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and Investigation of Their Biological Effects
(Tabriz University of medical Science, School of Pharmacy, 2019) Ghamari, Nakisa; Dastmalchi, Siavoush; Hamzeh Mivehroud, Maryam
Introduction: Since the discovery of the histamine H3 receptor (H3R) in 1983, tremendous advances in the pharmacological aspects of H3 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists have been accomplished in preclinical studies. Histamine H3 receptors (H3R) are responsible for modulating the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters by a negative feedback mechanism mainly in the central nervous system (CNS). These receptors have gained increased attention as therapeutic target for several CNS related neurological diseases. Aims: In the current study, we aimed to identify novel H3R ligands using in silico virtual screening methods. Materials and methods: To this end, a combination of ligand- and structure-based approaches was utilized for screening of ZINC database on the homology model of human H3R. Structural similarity- and pharmacophore-based approaches were employed to generate compound libraries. Various molecular modeling methodologies such as molecular docking and dynamics simulation along with different drug likeness filtering criteria were applied to select anti-H3R ligands as promising candidate molecules based on known parent lead compound. Moreover, the antagonistic activity combined with anti-cholinesterase properties of the two more potent lead compounds were also tested. Furthermore, molecular docking and binding free energy calculations were also conducted for prediction of binding mode and affinity of studied ligands towards H3R and cholinesterase enzymes. Results: In vitro binding assays of selected molecules demonstrated three of them being active within the micromolar and submicromolar Ki range. In addition, biological evaluations revealed inhibitory activity of studied compounds in nanomolar and micromolar values for H3R antagonizing and cholinesterase inhibition, respectively. Disccusion: The results can be used for lead optimization where dual inhibitory activity on H3R and cholinesterase enzymes is needed. Conclusion: Collectively, the current integrated computational and experimental methods used in this work can provide new general insights for systematic hit identification for novel anti-H3R and anti cholineseterase agents from large compound libraries.
Comparison of two methods of median and paramedian surgery for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement in Children
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 2019) Asadloo, Amir; Badbarin, Davoud; Jamshidi, Masoud
There are several methods for dialysis in patients with chronic renal failure in children. One of these methods is the insertion of a peritoneal dialysis catheter, which can be embedded with para-median and midline. The purpose of this study is to compare the complications and the success rate of these two methods. Methods: All patients under the age of 7 years who had undergone a peritoneal dialysis catheter due to renal failure were randomly assigned to one of the midline or para-median methods. Patient files were extracted, and demographic data, and the occurrence of early and late complications and success rate in each group were extracted and recorded. Results: Peritoneal dialysis catheter was used for 41 patients (15 patients (36.58%) by Para-median method and 26 patients (63.42%) by midline method). Early complications such as obstruction (P = 0.035), Leak (P = 0.033) and local infection (P = 0.02) and late complications such as late discharge leakage (P = 0.033) and outbreak infection or tunnel (P = 0.028) is significantly lower in Para-median method. The success rate of higher peritoneal dialysis catheter in Para-median method was compared to midline method (P = 0.02).
Factors related to the nonadherence of pharmacological and nonpharmacological recommendations in diabetic patients
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, 2019) Rezaie, Fereshteh; Heidari, Fariba; Alizadeh Mizani, Mahasti
Aim: Determination of factors related to the non-adherence of pharmacological and non-pharmacological recommendations in diabetic patients. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional analytic study. Information is gathering from 320 type2 diabetic patient by a pre-validated researcher-administered questionnaire in out-patient setting. Data analysis carried out using statistical package for social science (SPSS) for windows version 16, and data analysed with chi-square test, t test and logistic regression model. Alpha equal 0.05 considered statistically significant level. Results: There was not significant statistical relation between age (P=0.13), marital status (P=0.95), number of children (P=0.16), education level (P=0.75), occupation (P=0.73), number of family members (P=0.40), housing status (P=0.096), income (P=0.15) and positive family history in first degree relative (P=0.47) with treatment adherence. Female sex (P=0.04), living alone (P=0.005), living in village (P=0.026) and presence of disease complications (P=0.037) related with high therapeutic adherence
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Data-collection tools for Road Traffic Injury
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, 2019) Marin, Soudabeh; Moghisi, Alireza; Samadirad, Bahram; Sadeghi-Bazargani, Homayoun; Pourasghar, Faramarz
Introduction: Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) impose a worldwide burden on public health and economy. Moreover, RTIs result in a wide range of immediate and long-term consequences. Comprehensive and accurate data is fundamentally needed for effective management of RTIs. Hence, using reliable and valid data collection tools are required. The present study is a part of national project of Iranian Integrated Road Traffic Injury Registry (IRTIR). Objectives: The objectives of the present study can be defined at two phases: 1- Development and psychometric evaluation of data collection tool for inpatient road traffic injuries; 2- Development and psychometric evaluation of data collection tool for post-discharge consequences of road traffic injuries. Methods: Data collection tools were developed by information retrieved from literature review, needs assessment of experts and discussion in expert panel. The content validity of the phase one data collection tool was assessed through an external panel of experts. The phase two registry timeframe was designed at three time-points based on literature review and expert’s opinion. The reliability of the tools were evaluated using test-retest method and assessing interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), modified Kappa, Kendall Tau and Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The data collection tool for inpatient phase consisted of 53 items divided into five categories. The content validity and stability of phase one data collection tool was approved. The CVR for all items was ≥ 0.86 and ICC was ≥0.5. The triple post-discharge consequences RTI data collection tools register data on demographic, medical, psychiatric, economic and social characteristics. Discussion: The inpatient data collection tool and post-discharge consequences data collection tools were confirmed to be valid and reliable tools and suitable to be used in the Iranian Integrated Road Traffic Injury Registry and similar settings.
Explanation of methods of brain cold humor cleansing based on Persian medicine literatures
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Traditional Medicine, 2019) dadvar, atiyeh; fazljou, seyed mohammad bagher; Traditional Medicine; taheraghdam, aliakbar; yousefi, mahdi
in the Iranian medicine, the brain as one of the most important and vital members plays an important role in the emergence and development of its own functions and other organs, so that the Iranian medical experts believe that the function of other members also has a very close relationship with the health of the nervous system. The dependence of various parts of the natural affairs on the eclampsis is a key factor in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The quantitative and qualitative changes in the body of inhalation cause physical inferiority in the body, and a major part of the disease is due to maladaptive material. Brain diseases are not traceable from the point of view of modern medicine, since in terms of Iranian medicine, alkalies are fluid substances that are flowing in the normal state of the body with proportional and balanced proportions, and their quantitative and qualitative equilibrium causes healthy body and natural regulation of all mechanisms. It becomes vital. From the Iranian point of view, to treat these conditions, you first need to identify the increased or altered type of humor, based on signs and symptoms, and then help the body to dispose of it. In this research, we are going to explain the methods of identifying the increased cold in the brain and explain ways to prevent the formation and accumulation of these materials and the methods of eliminating them from the body, and in particular the brain, with the help of original sources of Iranian medicine.
Development and Implementation of Support Guideline for Improving of Childbirth Experiences among Primiparous Women in Public and Private Hospitals in Tabriz, Iran: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Method Study
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 2019) Ghanbari Homayi, Solmaz; Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi, Sakineh; Mohammadi, Easa; Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Midwifery Education; Mirghafourvand, Mojgan; Fardiazar, Zahra
Abstract Introduction: Experiences that women gain from their childbirth process are considered as one of the important outcomes of childbirth and these experiences will always remain with them throughout their lives. Currently, women's satisfaction and experiences with their care process are considered as quality indicators and advanced countries have focused their efforts on improving the experience of women, however, in our country there is no clear plan to improve the experience of women giving birth; the researchers therefore sought to determine the prevalence of negative childbirth experience, its predictors factors, to explain the determinants of positive and negative childbirth experiences, and strategies to improve the experience of childbirth and to examine the impact of the designed protocol on childbirth experience. Methods: This study is a mixed method study with sequential explanatory approach. The design of study in quantitative phase was cross-sectional and in this phase, the psychometric properties of childbirth experience and support and control in birth scales, prevalence of negative childbirth experience and its predictive factors among primiparous women were determined. The sampling method in the quantitative phase was cluster type and 800 primiparous women were randomly selected from all urban and suburban health centers in Tabriz. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression test was used to test the correlation between socio-demographic, pregnancy, labour and childbirth variables with the negative birth experience. Logistic regression results were reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Then, in the qualitative phase, the perception of women in terms the aspects and determinants of positive and negative experiences of childbirth from the viewpoint of 17 primiparous women was explored. Data were collected using in-depth individual interviews and note-taking and purposeful sampling. Then, by analysing the data obtained in the quantitative and qualitative phases of the study with conventional content analysis method, collecting the results of literature review and viewpoints of expert panel, protocol for improving of childbirth experiences was formulated. Based on the protocol, appropriate interventions were designed and adapted to the culture and conditions of the community. In clinical trial phase, the protocol was conducted on 30 primiparous women at Taleghani Hospital. Independent t-test was used to compare the mean scores of birth experience in the study groups. Results: The results of the quantitative phase showed that the questionnaires of childbirth experience and support and control in birth are valid and reliable scales among Iranian women. About 37% of women had a negative experience of childbirth. Probability of negative birth experience in the absence of any type of pain relief including non-pharmacological or pharmacological methods was 4.24 times more than using any type of pain relief methods. Fear of childbirth and no form of exercise during pregnancy increased the odds of negative birth experience by 3.47 and 2.81 times, respectively. The analysis of qualitative data on negative experiences resulted in the formation of 13 main categories that included disrespect and offensive behavior, unmet needs and preferences, inadequate physical and psychological space, lack of awareness about labor and delivery, lack of woman and family participation in care process, felling of fear and worry, feeling powerless in self-control, no pain relief, discomfort and suffering from unnecessary interventions, the woman's hesitation about the negative attitude of the physician and those around her about natural childbirth, mother's discomfort at not having a relationship with her baby, discomfort from maternal-neonatal complications, and dystocia. Positive experiences were also analyzed separately and it resulted in the formation of 13 main categories that included mother-child attachment, short stay in the delivery department, satisfaction with pharmacological and non- pharmacological pain relief methods, convenience and satisfaction with therapeutic interventions, appropriate physical and psychological space of the birth center, prenatal preparation, positive attitude towards natural childbirth, self-control, family support and professional support, maintaining personal dignity, participation in the process of caring, praying and trusting in God, and maternal satisfaction with the childbirth outcomes. The results of third phase resulted in the providing of 70 recommendations of improving the experience of childbirth and finally, the results of the intervention phase, showed that the implementation of the developed protocol improved the childbirth experiences of primiparous women (Mean Difference: 0.9, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.5 to 1.2; p <0.001). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of negative experiences and related factors, it is suggested that the developed protocol be made available to policymakers and planners to design programs with a woman-centered approach. Also, it is recommended that birth attendants also receive training on strategies to improve the childbirth experiences.