Evaluation of the effect of pentoxifylline and natural honey on morphine dependence in mice

Abstract

Introduction: In the process of forming dependence and tolerance to opioids, various mechanisms such as increased oxidative stress, increased activity of the glutaminergic system, etc. are observed. Pentoxifylline and natural honey are among the drugs with antioxidant properties. Aim: The purpose of this study was evaluation the effect of pentoxifylline and natural honey on morphine dependence in mice.Methods: 90 male mice in 9 groups of 10 in the weight range of 20-30 g were randomly selected and received the following medication regimens once a day for two weeks. 1-Saline (10ml/kg,ip) +Saline (10ml/kg,ip) 2-Saline (10ml/kg,ip) + Morphine (25mg/kg,ip) 3,4,5- pentoxifylline (20,40,80mg/kg,ip) + Morphine (25mg/kg,ip) 6,7,8-Natural Honey (100,200,400mg/kg,ip) + Morphine (25mg/kg,ip) 9- pentoxifylline (20mg/kg,ip) + Honey (100mg/kg,ip) + Morphine (25mg/kg,ip) On the fourteenth day, naloxone (4mg / kg, ip) was injected into animals two hours after morphine injection and withdrawal symptoms were measured within half an hour. Finally, to measure serum MDA and TAC levels in different groups, the animals were anesthetized and blood samples were taken from the heart.Results: The results showed that intraperitoneal injection of honey in 3 doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and pentoxifylline with a dose of (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) each alone causes a significant reduction in the symptoms of morphine dependence.Conclusion: The findings of our study showed that the chronic consumption of honey in a non-dose-dependent manner and pentoxifylline in a dose-dependent manner had a beneficial effect in reducing the symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome and this effect is probably related to the anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids in Honey and the antioxidant effects of pentoxifylline.