Prevalence of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) after Covid Vaccination in 18-45 Years Old Female Students and Staff of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Abstract

Period changes and unexpected vaginal bleeding and changes in menstrual patterns are not listed as side effects of the covid 19 vaccine, but primary care physicians are increasingly dealing with people who experience these events shortly after covid 19 vaccination. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the prevalence of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) after covid vaccination in 18-45 years old female students and staff of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. In this study, the target population was female students and employees of women's hospitals in Tabriz in the age range of 18-45 years who had a regular menstrual cycle at least during the previous three cycles. The number of people examined was 714. The sampling method in this study was simple random. First, the objectives of the research were explained and written informed consent was obtained in case of willingness to participate in the study. In this study, to investigate the prevalence of AUB, a questionnaire prepared by the researcher was used in the form of questions such as demographic characteristics (age, weight, height, education level, employment status, etc.), date and type of vaccine or vaccines received. After determining the prevalence of AUB, the prevalence of these symptoms based on age and BMI were investigated and statistically analyzed. Results: In this study, the prevalence of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) was 276 cases (38.7%) of the studied subjects. Changes in the length of menstrual days increased in 70 cases (9.8 percent) and decreased in 56 cases (7.8 percent). Also, the intensity and volume of bleeding increased in 102 cases (14.3%) and decreased in 49 cases (6.9%). In 86 cases (12 percent), the onset of menstruation was reported earlier than due date and in 78 cases (11 percent) earlier than due date. Also, the change in the start of menstruation was reported in 75 cases (10.5%) under one week. respectively. Permanence of menstrual changes occurred in 82 cases (11.5%) of the studied subjects. Pregnancy or miscarriage during the intervals between vaccinations occurred in 12 cases (1.7 percent) of the studied subjects. Also, a history of covid 19 infection occurred in 242 cases (33.9 percent) of the subjects studied. Among all the demographic and vaccination parameters, the variables of age and number of children in people with AUB were significantly higher than those without AUB (P<0.001); Also, there was a statistically significant relationship between the variable of marital status (P=0.002) with the occurrence of AUB. However other variables such as BMI, the number of vaccine doses and the first, second, and third doses of the vaccine, and the occurrence of abnormal uterine bleeding after the few dose of vaccine, did not have a statistically significant relationship with the occurrence of AUB (P>0.05). Finally, according to the regression model analysis, there was no statistically significant relationship between vaccination with the occurrence of AUB (P>0.05). Vaccines seem to be safe due to their few and transient side effects.