Phytochemical and bioactivity study of Eryngium billardieri F. delachlore and Eryngium thyrsoideum Boiss

Abstract

Introduction: Eryngium species have long been used in ethnomedicine for various purposes, such as stomach disorders, lowering blood sugar, antidote and wound healing.Scope: The aim of this study was to investigate some phytochemical and biological features of two species, Eryngium billardieri and Eryngium thyrsoideum.Methods and materials: The aerial part of E. billardieri and the aerial part of E. thyrsoideum were extracted using various solvents with increasing polarity. C18 sep-pak was applied for fractionation of methanol extracts. Further purification of fractions done through HPLC and preparative TLC techniques. Structure elucidation of isolated compounds was accomplished by 1HNMR and 13CNMR and two dimentional NMR methods. Essential oil and fatty acid contents were analyzed via GC-MS method. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were assayed. Antioxidant, antimalarial, α-glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic properties were evaluated in all samples. Results: Isolation of compounds in methanol extracts resulted elucidation of seven compounds. Four compounds in methanolic extract of E. thyrsoideum aerial parts, including: 3ʹ-glucopyranosyl rosmarinic acid, Bergaptene, Rutin and Quercetine. Three compounds in methanolic extract of E. billardieri aerial part, including 4ʹ-glucopyranoyloxy-hydroxyphenyl caffeate, chlorogenic acid and decursine. The results indicated that oleic acid was the major component of E. billardieri n-hexane extract with a total fatty acid content of 27.2% (w/w %). Duraldehyde and Spathulenol were the most abundant components of E. thyrsoideum and Isofenchol and Germacrene-D were the most abundant components of E. billardieri essential oils, respectively. Methanolic extracts and 20% and 40% Me-H2O fractions of mentioned plants indicated most antioxidant activity in line with the phenol and flavonoid contents. Essential oil of E. thyrsoideum showed strong cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cancer cell line.Conclusion: The phytochemical analysis showed presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and coumarins.