Association of plant-based diet Indicies and dietary protein with Systemic Immune- Inflammation Index, Cardiometabolic Index, Atherogenic Index of plasma and Metabolic Syndrome components among patients with Type 2 Diabetese

Abstract

summed to derive PDIs. A higher index represented greater adherence. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess associations. Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.90 ± 8.25 years, with 61% being female. The mean scores for OPDI, hPDI, and uPDI were 53.6 (6.81), 53.6 (6.22), and 53.9 (7.11), respectively. Additonally, the average percentage of protein intake was 13.0 (1.66) for total protein, 8.26 (1.19) for plant protein, and 4.76 (1.71) for animal protein. After adjustment for potential confounders, diabetics with higher adherence to the OPDI had a 43% lower odds of diastolic hypertension (odds ratio (OR): 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-0.89). Also, after adjusting for confounders, a significant inverse association was observed between hPDI and the odds of diastolic hypertension (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35-0.90) and SII (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50-0.98). Higher animal protein intake was associated with a lower odds of systolic hypertension after adjusting for confounders (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.43-0.96). Also, a significant inverse association was found between plant protein consumption and AIP (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.41-0.98) after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Conclusion: The current study provides evidence for significant associations of PDIs with DBP and SII. Moreover, protein intake was associated with SBP and AIP. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Keywords: Plant-based dietary pattern, Dietary protein, Systemic immune-inflammatoin index, Cardiometabolic index, Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background: The association of plant-based diet index (PDI) and protein intake with cardiovascular risk factors has been studied mainly in the general population. In this regard, limited studies have been conducted among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the association of PDIs and the type and amount of protein intake with systemic immune-inflammatoion index (SII), cardiometabolic index (CMI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), lipid profile, and components of metabolic syndrome among diabetic individuals in a cross-sectional study using data from Azar Cohort Study. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,947 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), aged 35 to 70 years, of both sexes, who participated in the Azar Cohort Study.Dietary data were collected using a validated 130-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Three PDIs (Overall plant-based diet index (OPDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI)), as well as protein intake (total, plant, and animal) were calculated based on the questionnaire. For OPDI, healthy and unhealthy plant foods received positive scores, while animal foods received reverse scores. For hPDI, healthy plant foods were assigned positive scores and unhealthy plant and animal foods were assigned reverse scores. For uPDI, unhealthy plant food groups were given positive scores and healthy plant and animal food groups were given reverse scores. The scores food groups were