Designing a management framework for improving the mental health literacy of the elderly in Iran's health system

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: Introduction: Due to declining mortality and fertility rates, along with increased life expectancy, the elderly population is rapidly growing worldwide. This phenomenon has become a major challenge in economic, social, and health sectors. Elderly individuals, due to age-related physiological changes, are more susceptible to various diseases compared to younger individuals and face multiple challenges regarding mental health. According to the literature review conducted, no framework has yet been designed to enhance the mental health literacy of the elderly. Purpose: The aim of this study is to design a management framework for enhancing mental health literacy among the elderly within the health system of Iran. Methodology: Initially, a systematic review was conducted in 2023 to examine the experiences of health literacy interventions for the elderly. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews were used to gather opinions from experts at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. In the next phase, the initial framework was designed based on the results of the previous stages (literature review and expert interviews) and consultations with knowledgeable individuals. The validity of the designed framework was assessed using the Delphi method. Results: Ultimately, 21 experiences of health literacy interventions for the elderly were examined. This systematic review revealed that health literacy interventions in high-income countries are more effective in terms of educational aspects, have longer follow-up durations, and utilize technology more effectively. The opinions of 14 specialists were utilized, leading to the finalization of the framework in the form of a four-part process, which includes management and leadership, resources, education, and monitoring and evaluation. Additionally, challenges and solutions were identified through the systematic review and expert opinions. Conclusion: Considering the increase in the elderly population and related mental health problems in Iran, the need for a suitable framework and guide is felt. This framework can help managers and officials in improving the quality and quantity of mental health care for the elderly. Keywords: aging, framework, health literacy, mental health,