The effect of xenograft preparation method at different temperatures and solvents on its hydrophilicity

Abstract

Introduction: Autogenous bone grafts are considered the gold standard due to their bone-inducing properties, bone conduction and osteogenesis. However, in addition to bone regeneration properties, an ideal bone graft material should be biocompatible, bioabsorbable, available in sufficient quantities, easy to use, and cost-effective and stimulate neoangiogenesis; And have a low rate of complications. Due to complications at the donor site, limited access, and the need for two surgeries and cost increases, autografts do not have all the properties of an ideal bone graft. Allografts and xenografts are also not ideal treatment options and have limitations, for example, they can not stimulate osteoblasts and are not osteoinductive and only have osteoconductive properties. Numerous studies emphasize the high success of superhydrophilic implants.Superhydrophilic implants absorb osteoblasts more effectively and allow the fixture to load faster. Yet, no studies have been performed on the hydrophilicity of bone grafts. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the effect of different preparation techniques and the use of different temperatures and chemicals on the degree of hydrophilicity of the xenograft.

Materials and methods: The hydrophilicity of xenografts prepared at 300, 900 and 1100 ° C and NaOH, hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide is measured by measuring the dynamic contact angle of water (DCA). The level of increase and decrease of water contact angles is measured by the Wilhelmy dynamic method in a tensiometer. Finally, the mean and standard deviation in each group will be calculated and statistical analysis of the data will be done by Kruskal-Wallis test and three way anova. Results: The contact angle of the xenograft was lowest in the 900-NaClO solution and highest in the 1100-H2O2 solution. According to the one-way ANOVA results, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean contact angle of the xenograft among the three solution-temperature conditions (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: The contact angle and hydrophilicity change with varying temperatures and different solvents. The 900-NaClO solution exhibits the highest hydrophilicity, while the 1100-H2O2 solution shows the lowest hydrophilicity. Hydrophilicity: 900-NaClO < 300-NaOH <1100-H2O2 Contact Angle : 900-NaClO > 300-NaOH >1100-H2O2

Keywords: Dynamic contact angle of water , Xenograft, Osteoconductive, Hydrophilicity