The effect of probiotic bacteria on the expression of cholesterol transporter genes (ABCA1, G1) and anti-inflammatory responses in differentiated macrophages from the blood of obese diabetics

Abstract

Diabetes patients have lipid disorders, increased triglyceride levels, lowered HDL cholesterol, increased LDL, obesity, and high blood pressure which these factors lead to cardiovascular disease. One of the new treatments is probiotics administration to improve the gut flora and insulin resistance, regulate blood glucose levels, reduce lipid levels, and delay or prevent the onset of diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of probiotic bacteria on the expression of cholesterol transporters (ABCA1, ABCG1) and anti-inflammatory responses in differentiated macrophages isolated from the blood of diabetic and healthy obese people. Method and material: The study involved 60 people (30 pre-diabetic obese people and 30 obese people). Information on fasting blood sugar levels, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, insulin, HOMA-IR, and BMI were determined. The blood samples were obtained to extract the monocytes then differentiated into macrophages using PMA. The probiotic strain belongs to the Lactobacillus plantarum that was cultivated in the MRS broth. The investigated groups include the control group, obese group+ probiotic, obese-diabetic group, obese diabetic group+ probiotic, and obese control group+ probiotic + LPS. After RNA extraction, cDNA was synthesized. The expression level of ABCA1, ABCG1, and LXR-a genes was estimated in each group with Real-Time PCR. The rate of inflammatory interleukins TNF-α, IL-1ß were measured using the ELISA kits. Results: According to the results, the average cholesterol level and insulin resistance index in the pre-diabetic and obese group were higher with significant difference. The mean levels of glyceride, LDL, insulin and glucose in the prediabetic group were significant compared to the control group, but the HDL did not show a significant difference between the groups. As expected, the expression of the studied genes in the obese diabetes group was decreased, but after probiotic treatment their levels were increased with a significant levels in (p < 0.01, p <0.05) compared to the obese and prediabetic control group. In addition, the level of TNF-α, IL-1ß were reduced after probiotic treatment in compared with control groups.