Chemotherapy Effects on PD-L1, CTLA-4, and VISTA Gene Expression in a Prostate Cancer Cell Line

Abstract

Globally, prostate cancer was the second most common cancer and the fifth cause of cancer-related deaths among men. Metastatic prostate cancer is a fatal disease with limited treatment options. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically changed the treatment landscape for all types of cancers. Conventional chemotherapies have become useful clinical agents based on their ability to preferentially kill malignant cells. Nevertheless, the clinical activity of various chemotherapies is now known to be due to the stimulation of anticancer immunity by initiating the release of immune stimulatory molecules from dying cancer cells or by mediating the immune cell population. Therefore, determining the effects of chemotherapy The treatment of the taxane family is important on the immune system, especially on the expression of checkpoint receptors. Materials and methods: For this purpose, prostate cancer cells were cultured in RPMI culture medium containing 10% FBS at 37ₒc and 5% CO2, then the expression level of CTLA-4, PD-L1, VISTA gene in different cancer types was determined. It was measured by qRT-PCR. After adding common chemotherapy drugs including doxorubicin (paclitaxel) and docetaxel (docetaxel), the rate of growth and proliferation of cancer cells was examined by the MTT technique, and for this, the cells were exposed to the drugs and then after 24 hours, the environment The culture was replaced with culture medium containing MTT and after 4 hours of incubation, the light absorption was read by ELISA Plate Reader at 570 nm wavelength. Also, the expression level of CTLA-4, PD-L1, VISTA gene in different prostate cancer types after adding chemotherapy drugs was measured by qRT-PCR. Results: The results of immunocheckpoint gene expression showed that the expression level of CTLA-4, PD-L1, and VISTA genes increased, while the expression level of the genes decreased significantly by treating the cell line with chemotherapy drugs.