Comparison of complications and prognosis of type A and B influenza in children hospitalized in Mardaniazar Training, Research & Treatment Center in 2022-2023

Abstract

Influenza causes a wide range of respiratory diseases with a seasonal pattern, significant morbidity and mortality in children. Influenza is a highly transmissible potential cause of global pandemics and is a highly contagious, acute, and febrile disease caused by the influenza virus. This virus consists of three types A, B, C. During the past century, various epidemics of type A influenza have caused death and heavy economic losses to human society, and since 1900, it has led to four deadly epidemics worldwide. Therefore, the aim of the study is to compare the complications and prognosis of influenza type A and B in children admitted to the Azar Tabriz Men's Medical Education Center in 2023. Materials and methods: The study is retrospective and descriptive-comparative and the statistical population includes hospitalized children with influenza. The files of 309 hospitalized children under 15 years of age were initially examined and 226 cases were selected based on the entry and exit criteria and examined with a researcher-made questionnaire, and complications, prognosis, treatment measures were taken, and laboratory and imaging results were recorded. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26 software (P-Value ≤ 0.05). Results: According to the results, 169 people (74.8%) had influenza A (155 people (91.72%) H3N2 and 14 people (8.28%) H1N1) and 57 people (25.2%) had influenza B. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender, hospitalization season, CRP results, age, number of days of hospitalization, WBC, Hb, PLT and ESR levels, treatment measures and prognosis. But in the amount of Neutrophils, Lymph and pulmonary complications of Airtraping, pneumonia and pulmonary violence were significant in two groups. Patients with influenza A have high neutrophils and lower levels of lymphocytes. 70 people had Lymph<1500. The rate of Airtraping in influenza B is higher, but the rate of pneumonia in influenza A is significantly higher. In extrapulmonary complications, a significant difference was obtained in favor of influenza B only in otitis. The most co-morbidities were related to HRAD in 31 cases, respiratory distress in 12 cases, bronchitis in 9 cases, asthma in 8 cases, hydrocephalus in 5 cases, dextrocardia in 4 cases, and VSD septal defect in 4 cases.