Evaluation of the effect of cell sheet-nanofiber combination on bone regeneration of rat cranial defect

Abstract

Introduction: According to the relative high prevalence of different bone defects in craniomaxilafacial due to several reasons such as accidents, different diseases and congenital problems, the reneration of bone tissue has always been of interest to researchers and surgeons to restore tissue function, develop life quality, and solve beauty and appearance issues. Strategies based on biomaterials and cell required to to induce the bone regeneration. Goal: The goal of current study is using adopose tissue- derivied mesenchymal stem cell sheets, Polycaprolactone nanofibers, and gelfoame gelatin sponge to regenerate bone defects of rat calvaria. Materials and methods: Bone defects performed using trephine (8mm diameter) on rat calvaria. Animals devided randimly in study groups including control (only defect), gelfoame, gelfoame/PCL nanofiber, gelfoame/cell sheet, and gelfoame/PCL nanofiber/ cell sheet (three animal each group). After 3month, animal has easy death, and bone regeration evaluated by radiomorphologic and histologic methods. Results: Nearly all study groups showed regenartion, but bone volume of newly formed bone was significant in those groups recived cell sheet (p<0.05). According to data, filling the defects by Gelfoam/PCL nanofiber/AD-MSC sheet led to enhanced thickness of new bone, higher rate of new bone volume to total volume (BV/TV), and higher hounsfield unit (HU) which result in higher bone regeneration on defect. Also, connective tissue with wrinkled pattern observed in this group, too. Conclusion: Current study showed that AD-MSC sheet can mprove osteogenesis and makes it able to regenerate calvarial bone defects.