Comparing the effects of soybean oil, soybean oil based shortening and oleogel diet regimens on liver histopathology, oxidative stress biomarkers and enzymes in rats

Abstract

following the proven effects of trans fatty acids on human health and the recent decision of the World Health Organization to remove trans fatty acids from the human diet and replace them with other suitable formulations instead of the hydrogenation process, in this research, first, the profile of fatty acids, trans fatty acids, indices The peroxide and iodine number of soybean oil, soybean oil, shortening and formulated oleogel were measured and then their effect on the serum levels of metabolic parameters, oxidative stress and leptin in rats fed a high-fat diet was investigated. Methods: The present study was conducted experimentally on 40 male Wistar rats aged 6±1 weeks and weighing approximately 200 grams under standard laboratory conditions. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8: 1) control group: normal diet 2) high-fat diet group (tail) 3) oleogel group 4) soybean oil group 5) shortening group. The diet was given for 10 weeks. At the end of the study, 50 mg/kg ketamine drug was used IP to anesthetize the animals. Then blood was taken from the heart of the animals immediately and the blood serum was separated and stored in a freezer at -80 for the measurement of liver enzymes. The animals were killed under anesthesia (euthanasia) and the liver sample was removed, and a part was placed in 10% formalin for pathological studies, and a part was stored in a -80 freezer to measure oxidative stress parameters. The tests were performed and the results were reported. Findings: The results comparing the effects of diets containing soybean oil, shortening and formulated oleogel on liver histopathology did not show any significant difference between the study groups. The amount of catalase in the formulated oleogel diet group (p=0.01) and soybean oil diet group (p=0.001) was significantly different from other groups. The amount of SOD in rats fed the formulated oleogel diet and soybean oil was at its lowest level and has a statistically significant difference compared to other groups. The amount of MDA in the rats with soybean oil diet was the highest and there was a statistically significant difference compared to other intervention groups (p=0.01). The amount of TAC in the rats with shortening and oleogel formulated diet was at its lowest value and there is a statistically significant difference compared to other intervention groups (p=0.01). The results comparing the effects of diets containing soybean oil, shortening and formulated oleogel on LDH biomarker showed that the level of this biomarker in rats with shortening diet was at its maximum and had a significant difference with the intervention groups (P=0.001).