Investigating the relationship between food variety score and dietary antioxidant profile with anthropometric indices, some metabolic indices and antioxidant-peroxidant balance in overweight and obese menopausal women.
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a type of overweight that is associated with adverse health consequences and premature death and has been accepted as a treatment burden. Overweight and obesity disrupt the quality of life due to complications related to it, such as insulinemia, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. Postmenopausal women are at risk of obesity with increasing age and changes in lifestyle and food variety, and as a result, they are at risk of metabolic diseases caused by increased oxidative stress in the body.Considering the limitations of studies in this field and regarding that there was no available data about dietary diversity index (DDS) and dietary antioxidant index (DAI) status and their relationship with various health indicators in postmenopausal women, in Iran , therefore, the present study was designed with the aim of investigating the relationship between DDS and DAI with anthropometric indices, some metabolic indices and antioxidant-peroxidant balance (PAB) in postmenopausal women.
Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 128 overweight and obese postmenopausal women aged 45-65 in Tabriz city with available sampling method. After a full explanation about the study, meeting the conditions and criteria for entering the study, a written informed consent form was obtained from the subjects. General information was collected using a demographic questionnaire and food intake using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. For all subjects, information on anthropometric indices (including weight, height, waist and hip circumference) was collected and body mass index (BMI) , waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. From all people, fasting blood samples were collected and biochemical indicators (fasting blood sugar, insulin and HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and PAB were measured. Physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Then DDS and DAI were calculated. Statistical analysis of the data was done with SPPSS software version 18. For normal variables, the mean and standard deviation and for non-normal variables the median were reported. To determine the normality of the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA test and linear regression were used to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables.
Findings:The average age of the participants was 55 years. The average DDS and DAI were determined as 3.41 and 5.09 respectively.
In all subjects, means of BMI was 32.03 kg/m2, waist circumference (WC) was 98.72 cm, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) was 0.85 cm and and waist to height (WHtR) 0.64 cm. Examining the relationship between anthropometric indices and DDS and DAI showed that after adjusting the confounding variables in the second tertile compared to the first tertile in both raw and adjusted models, there was a significant and inverse relationship between DAI and WC (P<0.05 ). No statistically significant relationship was observed between glycemic indices and serum lipid profile with DDS and DAI (P>0.05). A significant and inverse relationship was observed between PAB and DAI (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the significant correlation of some anthropometric and biochemical indicators including waist circumference, WHR, WHtR and PAB with DAI, increasing the consumption of foods containing antioxidants such as fruits and vegetables and decreasing the oxidants agents may be a useful preventive solution against abdominal obesity and some related disorders in women.
Keywords: Women, menopause, obesity indices, food diversity score, dietary antioxidant index, glycemic parameters, lipid profiles.