The effect of low-calorie high-protein diets on anthropometric measurements, body composition, sleep amount, and quality in obese people: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background: In the last decade, the prevalence of obesity as a public health challenge is increasing rapidly in low and middle-income countries. On the other hand, studies have shown that obesity increases the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis, and some cancers. One of the most important and common but rarely noticed problem in obese patients, which is rarely noticed, is sleep-related problems so that obese people have a low quality of sleep. Considering the lack of sufficient evidence of the effect of diets containing high protein in the quality of sleep of obese people, this study was designed and implemented with the aim of the effect of low-calorie diets with a high percentage of protein on the quality of sleep of obese people. Methods: The present study is an open-label randomized clinical trial with the target population of adults 18-65 years old healthy with a diagnosis of obesity, BMI> 29/9 Kg/m 2who went to the nutrition clinic of Ghaem Hospital to receive a diet and The presence of low sleep quality in them is confirmed by a sleep medicine specialist. After meeting the entry criteria, people were randomly assigned to one of two intervention and control groups by block classification method. People in both groups Control and intervention, a diet with calories appropriate to the individual and with a deficit of 750 kcal was given, with the difference that the diet in the intervention group was a diet with an increased protein ratio ( 30% protein), چکیده انگلیس ی while the diet in the control group was with a percentage of Standard protein 12%) was prescribed. Results: Sixty people were included in this study in two intervention (30 people) and control (30 people) groups, with an average age of 34.16 and 32.40 years, respectively.Thirty-two of the studied subjects were women and 28 were men. The results of the comparison of the demographic and general variables of the patients in the two groups showed that there is no significant difference (P value>0.05), as well as a significant difference between the anthropometric measurements and body composition indices, and physical activity in the two intervention groups. And there was no control at the beginning of the study (P value>0.05). In examining the sleep quality of the study subjects with the Stop Bang questionnaire, the results showed that there was a significant difference in the average Stop Bang score of the intervention and control groups at 30, 60, and 90 days after the intervention (P value<0.01). Also, the sleep quality components of PSQI were significantly different in both intervention and control groups (P value<0.05). The results of the polysomnography test also showed that there was a significant difference between the sleep quality indicators of the intervention and control groups (P value<0.05). Conclusion: The evidence and results of this study showed that the prescription of low-calorie diets containing high protein compared to diets with standard protein, by controlling confounding factors such as physical activity plan, is associated with an increase in sleep quality indicators in obese people. KEYWORDS: Sleep quality, obesity, high protein diet.