Evaluation the effect of combined probiotic bacteria on the expression of cholesterol transporter genes (ABCA1, G1) and anti-inflammatory responses in differentiated macrophages from the blood of obese and normal weight individuals

Abstract

Obese people are prone to cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The most common factors involved are the coexistence of obesity with lipid disorders, increased triglyceride levels, decreased HDL cholesterol, increased LDL, and high blood pressure. In this study, the effect of combined probiotic bacteria on the expression level of cholesterol transporter genes and anti-inflammatory responses in macrophages differentiated from the blood of obese and normal weight individuals has been investigated. Methods: After obtaining the approval, 60 people (30 healthy obese people and 30 people with normal weight) entered the study, we obtained basic information about height and weight and determined the body mass index (BMI). Extraction of monocytes from normal weight and obese individuals and differentiation into macrophages, ten milliliters of blood were collected. Monocytes were differentiated during three days of culture. Macrophages obtained in control groups: differentiated macrophages from blood samples of normal weight individuals who were not treated with probiotics. 2-obese group-: differentiated macrophages from the blood sample of obese people who were not treated with probiotics. 3- Probiotic control group: differentiated macrophages from the blood samples of normal weight individuals treated with probiotics. 4- Probiotic-obese group: differentiated macrophages from the blood sample of obese people treated with probiotics. 5- The negative control group was divided. Fasting blood sugar, serum levels of insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and HOMA were calculated and measured in normal weight and obese people with routine laboratory techniques. Also, in the 5 mentioned groups, the expression level of ABCA1, G1 genes was measured by real-time PCR method. The amount of inflammatory interleukins TNF-α, IL-1β and LXR-α was measured by ELISA method using the relevant kits. Results: Based on the results of the recent evaluation, the amount of insulin and HOMA-IR (insulin resistance index) in obese people was significantly higher than in people with normal weight. Also, the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels of obese people were significantly higher than normal weight people (p < 0.01). The ABCA1, ABCG1 and LXR-α genes in the obese group compared to the normal control, a significant decrease in expression is observed (p < 0.05) and in the obese study group receiving treatment with probiotic combination, a significant increase compared to the obese group (p < 0.01) have seen. There is no significant difference between the control group receiving probiotics and the normal weight control group without receiving probiotics. Also, in macrophages isolated from the blood of obese people compared to people with normal weight, the amount of inflammatory cytokines increased significantly, which was significantly reduced by the use of probiotics (p < 0.01)