Effect of dry fenugreek seed extract supplementation on body composition, blood pressure, IL-1β, adiponectin and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Abstract

baseline values, changes in physical activity, energy intake, and weight (model 3). Results: Supplementation with FDE caused a significant reduction in the serum level of IL-1β (Pv = 0.045) and marginal changes in the serum level of adiponectin (Pv = 0.05), in an increasing manner, after adjustment based on models 1, 2, and 3 between the groups. Significant results were obtained in the intra-group analyses related to the FDE group including changes in anthropometric parameters and body composition (fat mass percentage (Pv = 0.007), body weight (Pv = 0.044), and BMI (Pv = 0.039)) but between groups results, before and after adjustment based on models 1 and 2, were not significant. Also, no significant findings were observed in blood pressure and depression. Conclusion: Conclusion: The present study provides evidence of the beneficial effects of FDE supplementation on inflammatory status through the reduction of IL-1β, as one of the risk factors of diabetes. Although no significant effect was observed on other items; body weight, percentage of fat mass, and BMI showed a significant decrease in the FDE group; Also, adiponectin increased marginally between the groups. Studies with a larger sample size and intervention duration are suggested to confirm the obtained results. Keywords: Fenugreek dry extract, Type 2 diabetes, Body composition, Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, Blood pressure, Depression