Investigation of the frequency of type and severity of airway obstruction in people with stroke in Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz

Abstract

Stroke is the most common neurological disorder and a type of acute and sudden injury that causes physical and movement complications to many people every year. These conditions can cause damage to brain cells and even death of some brain cells. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of type and severity of airway obstruction in people suffering from stroke in Imam Reza Hospital (AS) in Tabriz. method: For this purpose, stroke patients referred to the neurology department of Imam Reza (AS) hospital during one year (1399-1400), who met the conditions for entering and exiting the study, were studied. Stroke severity was determined based on NIHSS criteria. Basic information including age, sex, height, history of blood pressure, history of diabetes, history of dyslipidemia, weight, and the compiled information collection form were recorded. The StopBang standard sleep apnea questionnaire was used to check the presence of obstructive sleep apnea. Also, to check the severity of obstructive sleep apnea, the apnea-hypopnea index was used, which is the result of dividing the number of apnea times by the number of hours of sleep, so that a score less than 5 is normal, 5 to 15 is mild apnea, 15 to 30 is moderate, and a score above 30 is normal. Apnea was considered severe. The oral cavity was examined in terms of the size of the tongue, the degree of malampathi, the degree of the tonsils, the presence of the uvula and the long, thick and hard soft palate. According to statistical calculations, 15% of patients were referred as outpatients for flexible nasopharyngoscopy. In nasopharyngoscopy, functional and mechanical obstruction caused by anatomical disorders of retropalatal and retrolingual spaces, retroepiglottis and nasopharynx were examined in two positions before and after Müller's maneuver while sitting. Result: According to the results of the study, the average weight of men and women present in the control group and the three groups with medium and high risk and nasopharyngos-copy are not significantly different. On the other hand, the history of high blood pressure is more in people with stroke than in the control group (p<0.05). The history of dyslipidemia is more common in people with stroke than in the control group. The percentage of observed mandibular retrognathia/micrognathia in stroke patients with high risk of sleep apnea is more than the control group (p<0.05). Also, the percentage of severe septal deviation and blocking of the nasal cavity in people with stroke disease, especially with high risk of apnea, is higher than the control group (p<0.05). On the other hand, the rate of shortness of breath and snoring in sleep is higher in people with stroke disease, especially with high and moderate risk of apnea, compared to the control group (p<0.05).