Antibiotic resistance pattern of ventilator-associated pneumonia in COVID-19 patients in General ICU of Imam Reza hospital in Tabriz

Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the common complications of Covid-19 patients hospitalized in the ICU, which worsens their prognosis. In this study, common bacterial agents of VAP in covid 19 patients hospitalized in ICU and their antibiotic resistance pattern have been investigated. Method: The type of microorganism was identified using standard microbiological methods, and the pattern of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) from the samples of patients' tracheal secretions were determined. Results: Among the isolated bacteria 89.2% were gram-negative including Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes, respectively. Also, 10.8% of bacteria were gram-positive including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. In general, the bacteria causing VAP showed high resistance to the studied antibiotics. The highest resistance was seen in Acinetobacter baumannii. This bacterium showed the highest sensitivity to colistin, followed by gentamicin and amikacin. Resistance to carbapenems was shown in Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Total of 91.66% of Escherichia coli and 86.66% of Klebsiella pneumoniae were broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producers. In addition, 59.09% of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to methicillin (MRSA) and the rest were sensitive to it (MSSA).