Epidemiology and Factors Affecting One-Year Prognosis in Patients with Infantile Spasm in Tabriz Children Hospital

Abstract

Infantile Spasm or IS is a special type of convulsive disorders that occurrence is almost limited to infancy (usually the first year of life) and these disorders are usually resistant to routine anticonvulsant drugs. The aim of this study is to assessment of the epidemiology and eactors effecting ene-year prognosis in patients with infantile spasm in Tabriz Children hospital. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study and its target population included all patients referred to the neurology department of Tabriz Children's Hospital in the last 5 years (2015-2019) who were diagnosed with infantile spasm by a specialist doctor. The sampling method was census. The data collection method was also using a data collection checklist. The information including the age at the time of the first seizure, age at the time of diagnosis, gender, type of seizure, length of hospitalization, results of neurological evaluation, one-year prognosis, etiology and type of delivery were collected and reported statistically. Results: In this study, the type of seizure in the studied patients was flexor in 15 cases (40.5%), extensor in 8 cases (21.7%), and mixed in 14 cases (37.8%), respectively. The most common etiology in the studied patients was prenatal insult in 10 cases (27.0%), cryptogenic in 9 cases (24.3%), and CNS malformation in 6 cases (16.2%), respectively. According to EEG findings in these patients, 12 cases (30.8%) had Modified Hypsarrythmia, 16 cases (41.0%) Hypsarrythmia, and 9 cases (23.1%) had Frequent epileptiform discharge. Also, according to the findings of MRI and CT in these patients, there were abnormal findings in 3 cases (8.1%) and 16 cases (43.2%), respectively. The most prescribed drugs in the studied patients were Phenobarbital in 35 cases (94.6%), Sabril in 29 cases (78.4%) and ACTH in 11 cases (29.7%), respectively. The highest one-year prognosis in these patients was disease recurrence in 25 cases (67.6%) and recovery with complications in 7 cases (18.9%), respectively and 2 cases (5.4%) of the subjects also died.