Evaluation of the effect of dimethyl fumarate and natural honey on morphine dependence in mice

Abstract

Introduction: Different mechanisms involved in morphine dependence. Considering the increase of oxidative stress in chronic morphine consumption and the observation of antioxidant effects of dimethyl fumarate and honey, in this study the effect of using these two in preventing the occurrence of morphine dependence was investigated.Aim: The purpose of this study was evaluation the effect of dimethyl fumarate and natural honey on morphine dependence in mice.Methods: 90 male mice in 10 groups of 9 in the weight range of 20-30 g were randomly selected and received the following medication regimens once a day for two weeks. 1) Saline (10 ml/kg, ip) + Saline (10 ml/kg, ip) 2) Saline (10 ml/kg, ip) + Morphine (25mg/kg,ip) 3) DMSO 20% (10ml/kg,ip) + Morphine (25mg/kg,ip) 4-5-6) Dimethyl fumarate (20, 40, 80mg/kg,ip ) + Morphine (25mg/kg,ip) 7-8-9) Honey (100, 200, 400mg/kg,ip ) + Morphine (25mg/kg,ip) 10) DMF (20mg/kg,ip)+ Honey (100mg/kg,ip)+ Morphine (25mg/kg,ip) On the fourteenth day, naloxone (4mg / kg, ip) was injected into animals two hours after morphine injection and withdrawal symptoms were measured within half an hour. Finally, to measure serum MDA and TAC levels in different groups, the animals were anesthetized and blood samples were taken from the heart.Results: The results showed that intraperitoneal injection of honey in 3 doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and dimethyl fumarate with a dose of (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) each alone causes a significant reduction in the symptoms of morphine dependence.Conclusion: The findings of our study showed that the chronic consumption of honey in a non-dose-dependent manner and dimethyl fumarate in a dose-dependent manner had a beneficial effect in reducing the symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome and this effect is probably related to the anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids in Honey and the antioxidant effects of dimethyl fumarate.