Phytochemical study of Phlomoides labiosa and Phlomoides binaludensis

Abstract

Introduction: Phlomoides species have long been used in ethnomedicine for various purposes, such as stomach disorders and wound healing. Scope: The aim of this study was to investigate some phytochemical and biological features of two species, Phlomoides labiosa and Phlomoides binaludensis.Methods and materials: The aerial part, rhizome, and the seeds of P. labiosa and the aerial part of P. binaludensis were extracted using various solvents with increasing polarity. C18 sep-pak was applied for fractionation of methanol extracts. Further purification of fractions were done through HPLC, preparative TLC and column chromatography techniques. Structure elucidation of isolated compounds was accomplished by 1HNMR and 13CNMR and two dimensional NMR methods. Essential oil and fatty acid contents were analyzed via GC-MS method. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were assayed. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties were evaluated in all samples. After that, extract nanoliposomes were created to improve the biological effects by increasing the solubility.Results: Isolation of compounds in methanol extracts resulted elucidation of six compounds. Three compounds in methanolic extract of P. labiosa rhizome, including: Auroside, Herniarin, and Isopimpinellin. Three compounds in methanolic extract of P. binaludensis aerial part, including Chrysoeriol-4'-o-glucopyranoside, Isoscutellarein-7-O-[6″, 6'''-di-acetyl-allosyl (1→2)]-glucopyranoside, Isoscutellarein-acetylallosyl-(glucopyranoside) apiose. The results indicated that oleic acid was the major component of P. labiosa seed oil with a total fatty acid content of 37.62 (w/w %). β-caryophyllene and phytol were the most abundant components of P. labiosa and P. binaludensis essential oils, respectively. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts indicated the antioxidant activity in line with the phenol contents. Conclusion: The phytochemical analysis showed presence of iridoids, flavonoids, and coumarins.