Phytochemical study of Symphytum kurdicum and Symphytum asperrimum

Abstract

Introduction: Plants of genus Symphytum have been used in different traditional medicines.Scope: Due to the importance of genus Symphytum and limited studies on the phytochemistry of Symphytum asperrimum and Symphytum kurdicum, these plants were selected for phytochemical analysis.Methods and materials: The aerial parts of plants were extracted by soxelet and Maceration methods, respectively. Ethanol extract was fractionated. Dried n-butanol extract was subjected to C18 sep-pak fractionation. Further purification was carried out of fractions by using HPLC. Structure elucidation of these compounds was accomplished by 1HNMR and 13CNMR. The components of essential oils elucidated by GC_MS. The antibacterial, antioxidant properties, and total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined. Results: GC-MS analysis indicated that the Hexafarnesyl acetone amount was high. n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of S. kurdicum showed the highest antioxidant ability. n-Butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of S. asperrimum indicated higher phenolic constituents. Extracts of both plants showed antimicrobial activity. Isolation of compounds in n-butanol extracts resulted elucidation of 11 compounds. There were 4 compounds in 20% sub-fraction of n-butanol fraction of 70% ethanolic extract of S. kurdicum, including: Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (Astragalin), caffeic acid, 7-acetyl indicine and Rosmarinic acid. 4 compounds in sub-fraction 20 Percentage of n-butanol fraction of 70% ethanolic extract of S. asperrimum plant were isolated including: kaempferol-3-O-glucosyl rhamnoside, Quercetin 3-O-glucoside (Isoquercetrin), Kaempferol-7-O-glucoside and Rosmarinic acid, Also, 3 isolated compounds in sub-fraction of 40% n-butanol fraction 70% ethanolic extract of S. asperrimum were chlorogenic acid, verbascoside and forsythoside B. all of compounds were reported for the first time.Conclusion: The phytochemical analysis of two mentioned showed presence of phenolic compounds and flavnoids.