Simulation of pulsed electromagnetic fields effects on mandibular bone regeneration

Abstract

Introduction: Jaw bone defects and degeneration is one of the challenging problems of dentistry. Stimulation of bone-forming cells using pulsed electromagnetic fields is a method that is receiving attention today. In this project, this technology was used to find suitable physical conditions of electromagnetic fields for mandibular bone reconstruction.

Methods and Materials: First, the types of physical conditions of pulsed electromagnetic fields that have been successfully used in body bone regeneration in clinical studies were collected. The obtained data, which included the physical characteristics of effective waves in bone regeneration, were used to evaluate the reaction of the mandible bone by computer software to check the cellular and tissue reaction of the mandible bone to these physical conditions and to introduce the best possible physical condition for the reconstruction of the mandible bone. For this purpose, voltage (volts), exposure time (hours), field intensity (millitesla), frequency of waves (hertz) of the protocols specified in the entered software and tissue and cellular changes in each of the entered conditions were determined. The environment of the meshed bone and the parameters of the hard and soft tissue layers were defined based on the density, cell density, percentage of water in each area, etc. The interaction and propagation of waves inside the material was described by Maxwell's equations, which analyzed the temporal and spatial evolutions of landing electromagnetic fields for a specific frequency spectrum. Then the transformations of matter were described by the famous Bloch equation or in a more detailed way by the Schrödinger equation. For this purpose, C++ and Fortran software were used for coding.

Results: Based on the results obtained from this study, it is suggested to restore the bone tissue in the jaw in non-inflamed tissue with the maximum radiation of the field for 10 seconds and the interval after each radiation for 4 seconds to return the temperature of the tissue to a normal state. The power intensity of the device is recommended 1.5 milliwatts and the wavelength of 1064. The above conditions are different in tissues with inflammation and the amount of time required to return to normal temperature is longer for these tissues. For defective tissue, a power of 1 to 3 milliwatts and an interval between shots of at least 6 seconds is recommended; Also, in inflamed tissue, the irradiation time is recommended for a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 6 seconds.

Conclusion: Due to the remarkable progress in the design of computer software and programming that are included in artificial intelligence, this field can be used in medicine and dentistry in order to design and predict cell and tissue reactions. The use of these sciences in experimental studies leads to the design of more accurate and targeted studies and reduces the volume of scattered studies. The present study was also carried out with this aim and has preliminarily predicted the appropriate physical conditions for mandibular bone tissue repair.