Brain activity during driving with distraction: a systematic review

Abstract

Road accidents are an important factor for mortality and reduction of quality of life and mental and physical complications. Only in Iran, according to official news agencies, road mortality in the first quarter of 1399 amounted to 3481 and the same statistic in the spring of 1400 to 4130 people, which is a very significant number. Based on this, we decided to systematically review and meta-analyze studies that have studied the effects of various distractions on the brain while driving using EEG, MEG, FMRI, FNRIS Method: This study is a systematic and meta-analytical review of clinical trial and pilot studies in which after obtaining the code of ethics of studies in which with the help of FMRI, FNRIS, MEG, EEG the signals of different parts of the brain while driving and driving with distraction are examined were systematically extracted from different electronic databases and bibliographic sources without time or place restrictions. After determining the search keywords, we used both MeSH keywords and freely in web of science databases,Scopus, Proquest, google scholar, Embase, pubmed search performed. Articles and documents obtained from the search in several stages in terms of title, abstract and all the text were screened and final studies that have inclusion criteria have entered the statistical community and the studies that were obtained were evaluated by 2 experts using The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and was excluded in terms of the types of bias risks (selection, performance, reporting, attrition, etc.) as well as content, reviews, and low-quality studies. Also in case of disagreement between expertsa each stage of selection and evaluation, a third person was used and a group discussion was held. Finally, 28 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were reviewed. Relevant data were then extracted from the studies using a designed table. n this study, ALE method was used for meta-analysis. ALE using modeling; Spatial convergence examines the foci reported in each study included in the meta-analysis. GingerALE v.2.3.6 software was used to perform these analyzes. For analyzes, the cluster-level threshold FWE rate-corrected equal to p <0.05 and cluster forming threshold at the voxel level equal to p <0.001 with 1000 permutations were considered. Results: 28 studies were included in this study by searching the considered databases and using the specified keywords. The quality of all studies based on JBI checklist was moderate and high. Of these, 4 articles were based on FMRI, 5 articles were based on FNIRS, 17 articles were related to EEG, and 2 articles were related to MEG. The results of most studies have been to decrease the activity of the occipital cortex and increase the prefrontal area and increase the activity of the basal ganglia of the brain in distraction driving. Out of a total of 28 studies, 4 studies were reviewed through FMRI. The results showed that the active areas in the right hemisphere while driving with distraction were related to the supra-cingulate and prefrontal area.