Comparison of the effect of vitamin D and piroxicam on behavioral and inflammatory markers in morphine-induced dependence in mice

Abstract

Background: Various neurotransmitter systems (glutaminergic, adrenergic and histaminergic, etc.) and oxidative stress affect the opioid system. Piroxicam has many effects such as: inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing the production of cytokines, etc., as well as vitamin D also has antioxidant effects. Goal: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D and piroxicam on behavioral and inflammatory indicators in morphine-induced dependence in mice. Methods: 100 male mice in the weight range of 20-30 grams were randomly divided into 10 groups of 10 and were subjected to the following drug regimens. Then, on the 14th day, by injecting naloxone (4mg/kg, ip), the amount of withdrawal symptoms (standing on two legs and jumping) was evaluated for half an hour in different groups. Then, according to the usual methods, blood was taken from the animals and the serum levels of MDA and TAC were measured and evaluated. 1) Saline (10 ml/kg, ip) + Saline (10 ml/kg, ip) 2) Morphine (25 mg/kg, ip) + Olive Oil (20%,10 ml/kg) 3) Morphine (25 mg/kg, ip) + Saline (10 ml/kg, ip) 4,5,6) Morphine (25 mg/kg, ip) + vitamin D (2,4,8 mg /kg, ip) 7,8,9) Morphine (25 mg/kg, ip) +piroxicam (5/7, 15, 30 mg/kg, ip) 10) Morphine (25 mg/kg, ip) + vitamin D (2 mg/kg, ip) + piroxicam (5/7 mg/kg, ip) Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated a significant effect of 5/7 and 15 mg doses of piroxicam in reducing the withdrawal symptoms, in addition, different doses of vitamin D did not have a significant effect in reducing the withdrawal symptoms. Also, the combined use of piroxicam with morphine is a suitable measure to reduce the amount of dependence on opioids, considering this importance, additional studies in humans are needed.