The relationship between diabetes mellitus type 2 and quantity and quality of bone in intraoral autogenous graft donor sites using cone beam computed tomography image

Abstract

Introduction: Autogenous bone grafts are considered the most reliable and effective option for repairing bone defects. Dimensions and bone density of intraoral graft sites are assessed by CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) imaging. One of the factors affecting bone quantity and quality is systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between diabetes mellitus type 2 and quantity and quality of bone in intra oral autogenous graft donor sites using cone beam computed tomography image. Methods & Materials: In this study, 100 CBCT images from the archives of patients referred to Tabriz Dental School are reviewed. 50 people with diabetes mellitus will be considered as cases and 50 people without any systemic diseases will be considered as controls. Patients are in both sexes and in the age range of 70-20 years. In CBCT images, the maximum height, width, length and volume of the grafted bone are measured in the symphysis, ramus, tuberosity and palatal on both the right and left sides, and the bone quality in these areas is checked. Examination of the measurement results determines which region has the highest quantity and quality of grafted bone in the case and control groups. The results are also compared between men and women of different ages. The results will be reported in the form of descriptive statistics as mean ± standard deviation. To compare the quantity and quality of bone in the study areas, in both groups of diabetic and healthy patients, an independent t-test will be used. To control the effect of age and gender variables on bone quantity and quality between the two groups, a regression model will be utilized. Results: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the volume of grafted bone in the symphysis, ramus and tuberosity regions decreases, and this volume decrease is statistically significant (p-value<0.001). However, the decrease in palatal volume is not statistically significant (p-value=0.957). Also, diabetes affects bone quality, and in these patients, the quality of grafted bone in symphysis, ramus, palatal, and tuberosity regions decreases (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: The use of CBCT provides valuable information about the bone quantity and quality of the graft donor sites. Based on the results of the present study, the mandibular symphysis has a larger volume and density of graft bone compared to the ramus, palatal and tuberosity regions. Also, examination of CBCT images of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed that in these patients, the quantity and quality of bone in the intraoral autogenous graft donor sites decreases.