Low-power laser therapy and changes in salivary cytokines (Systematic review study)

Abstract

By removing the periodontal pathogens and even the invasive bacteria attacking the tissues as well as the lack of normal periodontal treatment procedures, using laser, as a complementary therapy, can have positive and useful impacts. The present study aims at investigating the impacts of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser on the periodontal pathogens. Materials and methods: This study is a systematic review of clinical trial studies that after obtaining the code of ethics of studies that examined changes in salivary proinflammatory cytokines in patients affected by the use of low-power lasers, without systematic space restrictions from electronic databases. Different and bibliographic sources were extracted. After determining the search keywords (keywords used to search for relevant articles included the following words: Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL) -6, interleukin (IL) -1, Saliva, Cytokine, Interleukin, Low Level LASER, LASER Therapy, Anti-inflammatory treatments, Wound healing, Burning mouth syndrome, Lichen Planus, Mucositis. ) ) Mesh keywords can be used freely in Google Scholar, PubMed and SCOPUS databases, the cochrane library, Psycinfo, Cinahl, Medline, proquest, WEB of sciences and other valid databases, as well as for finding information in Persian. Magiran, IranDoc, SID and Iranmedex databases were searched from 1990 to 2021. Low-power lasers were first introduced by Messter et al. (18) Obtained by two expert evaluators and using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist in terms of types of bias risks (selection, performance, report, attrition, etc.) as well as content, reviews and low quality studies were excluded. Among the experts in each stage, the selection and evaluation of the third person was used and a collective discussion was conducted. The required information was extracted and summarized using a design table in the Excel software environment. Endnote X8 resource management software was also used to organize titles and abstracts as well as identify duplicates. Finally, 9 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were reviewed. Results: In searching the aforementioned databases and considering the given time interval, 239articles were found in connection to the searched keywords and abstracts. Once the repeated titles and articles were deleted, 31studies were selected which were decreased to 16 by the meticulous review by the assessment team. The full text of these 16 articles were reviewed. To make the final choice, 9articles had the inclusion criteria which included the objectives of this study. Conclusion: To use the laser in treating the chronic periodontitis, an evidence-based study seems to be conducted. There are a few scientific evidences indicating the advantage of a special laser wavelength in the common treatments. On the basis of most researches reviewed in this study, the results of complementary application of Nd:YAG and Er:YAg lasers in treating the chronic periodontitis are the better than the ones obtained from the normal teeth scaling and planing the teeth root surface in terms of the reduced probing depth and subgingival bacteria population. Decision was made to use the laser in periodontal surgery based on the advantages such as hemostasis and less pain after the treatment. However, more studies are needed to apply the laser in periodontal treatments.