Comparison of the effects of 5% hydroquinone with Non-ablative fractional laser 1540 erbium YAG and 5% hydroquinone alone in the treatment of refractory melasma

Abstract

Celiac disease is a common cause of the malabsorption of one or more nutrients.intestinal intolerance to gluten protein of wheat, barley, and rye. Celiac disease is a systemic immune disorder with various symptoms, from asymptomatic to severe malnutrition. Common signs and symptoms of the disease include diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal distention, and bloating. Other manifestations include intermittent abdominal pain, iron deficiency with or without anemia, short height, high levels of aminotransferases, etc. Diseases associated with celiac are osteoporosis, liver disease, herpetic dermatitis, autoimmune diseases, etc. The most common extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease are liver diseases. The range of liver diseases in celiac varies from a slight increase in liver enzymes to cirrhosis. Elevated serum transaminases have been reported in 24-54% of celiac patients. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease includes an accumulation of glycerides in hepatocytes (hepatic steatosis) to advance the spectrum of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. One of the factors that have been recently considered as a related factor in fatty liver is celiac disease. Considering the prevalence of celiac disease in Iran and the high prevalence of fatty liver, it may be essential to establish a relationship between these two factors in our country. This study provides new information on the pathophysiology of the fatty liver. Considering that most the celiac patients do not have the criteria of metabolic syndrome. Aim: Our study aimed to determine the level of hepatic aminotransferases (ALT-AST), HDL, Triglyceride, FBS of the blood, and to measure the abdominal circumference of patients. Also indicate Patient’s blood pressure and screening fatty liver via ultrasound and specific the grade Methods: In this study, all patients registered in the Gastroenterology Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences as a known case of celiac disease were included in the study. Those with positive metabolic syndrome criteria were excluded from the study, and those with a higher level of liver enzymes (in the absence of other causes of the fatty liver) underwent an ultrasound for fatty liver. Conclusion: According to this study, it is suggested that due to the higher prevalence of celiac disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver, evaluation of celiac patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (in the absence of other causes of the fatty liver) should be on the agenda of physicians.