Investigation the Predisposing Factors of Foreign Body Entrance to Ear, Swallowing and Aspiration to Air Ways among Children under Five Years Old in Tabriz Children Teaching Hospital, 2019.

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Foreign body entrance to ear, swallowing and aspiration to airways is the medical emergencies and one of the most important risk factors for mortality among children under the age of five years old. Through identification of the predisposing factors, their control, or prevention, we can reduce the incidence of these events. Therefore, the current investigation was aimed to assess the predisposing factors of foreign body entrance to ear, swallowing and aspiration to air ways among children under five years old in Tabriz children teaching hospital, 2019. Material and method: In this descriptive-correlational study, 245 children under the age of five years old whom admitted to ENT department, outpatient emergency department, and clinic of Tabriz children hospital were recruited using convenience sampling method. The data collection tool included demographic characteristics questionnaire and predisposing factors of foreign body entrance to ear, swallowing and aspiration to airways among children questionnaire, made by the researcher was used. Data were collected through individual interviews with parents and studying the related medical records. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated and confirmed by 10 nursing and Specialist physician (ENT). Cronbach's alpha reliability of the questionnaire was 0.77. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version25), descriptive statistics (frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (χ2 test). Results: The results showed that the most common anatomical locations of foreign body in children were nose (47.8%), ear (19.6%), and stomach (19.2%). The majority of sufferers (84.9%) residence in the city, were male (53.9%), and were the first child of the family (57.6%). In addition, most parents answered correctly to the item of "small pieces of toys can enter ear, be swallowed, and lead to foreign body aspiration in airways" (99.6%).The most common foreign body were seeds, part of toys, nuts, shirt buttons, rosary beads, paper napkins, pebbles, cotton of ear cleaners, cherry kernels, wipers and pencil sharpener. There was an association between foreign body entrance to ear, swallowing and aspiration to airways and some of patients’ demographic characteristics such as father's education and occupation, gender, place of residence, birth order, mother’s education, number of children, and family income. In addition, among factors related to parents, reaction of people around, source of information Parents, and previous experience (in family or neighborhood) had a relationship with foreign body entrance to ear, swallowing and aspiration to airways. Among factors related to child, the interested toys and activity during event were discovered as predisposing factors. Finally, among environmental factors, type of foreign body available to the child had an association with foreign body entrance to ear, swallowing and aspiration to airways among children under the age of five years old. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the majority of children under the age of five who experienced entrance to ear, swallowing and foreign body aspiration to airways were boys, revealing that boys needs more care than girls during childhood . In addition, the results of this study suggested that parents had sufficient knowledge in this regard, but urbanization culture and the variety of children's food and toys made the incidence of foreign body entrance to ear, swallowing and aspiration to airways higher among children living in the city. The incidence of these incidents is also more common in families that do not have access to childcare, especially in single-parent families, which require more information and education.