Designing Canjugated Nanoparticle to Aptamer for Detection CA125 Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer Cell Line

Abstract

Abstract Targeted cancer cell imaging is a popular strategy among cancer researchers for the early detection of cancer, which largely depends on the development of targeted probes with high affinity. This study designed organic nanoparticle-based aptamer bioconjugation as a targeted probe to identify the CA125 biomarker in the 3-OVCAR cell line and provide a new approach to accelerate the early detection of ovarian epithelial cancer, which is the main challenge. First, green carbon Dots (CDs) were synthesized from the lemon extract by the hydrothermal method. Then, to fabricate a targeted bioconjugate, oligonucleotide sequences with amine terminus and aptamers attributed to biomarker were attached to the CDs surface with covalent and hybridization bonds, respectively. The surface functional groups of the green CD acted as the main coupling factor for bioconjugation. A one-step hydrothermal method to synthesize green CD was implemented, with a mean size of 2 nm and an almost spherical morphology, from the lemon extract. The maximum fluorescence intensity of the CDs at excitation/emission is 360/450 nm. In the fabrication, the CDs surface zeta decreased from +14.5 to -14.5 and the surface roughness measured by AFM elevated from 1.367 nm until 3.8459 nm. Despite the decrease in the photoluminescence intensity of CD-probe-apt conjugate relative to the CDs, which reduced by conjugating, the fluorescent emitted from OVCAR-3 cells treated with CD-probe-apt conjugates, due to proper targeting and the aptamer release on the target cancer cell were remarkable. In this study, we designed CDs-based apt-probe-CD conjugate with four different aptamers to detect CA 125 biomarkers. This study showed that apt-probe-CD conjugate is a biocompatible and efficient method, it enables cell imaging and can open a new horizon in nano fluorescent imaging for targeted detection of cancer cells.