The effects of taurine supplementation on pentosidine, soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products, methylglyoxal, glycemic, oxidative and nutritional status in patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Abstract Background: Advanced glycation end products, along with methylglyoxal (MGO) as their precursor, play a major role in the increased complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid), a conditionally essential amino acid, is found in most mammalian tissues. Taurine is known as an anti-glycation compound. This study was designed to investigate the effects of taurine supplementation on metabolic profiles, pentosidine, MGO, and soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (s-RAGE) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods and materials: In this clinical trial, forty-six subjects with T2DM were randomized to recive taurine capsules (3×1000 mg) or placebo (3×1000 mg) daily for 8 weeks. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were collected at baseline and after the intervention. Dietary intakes, physical activity levels and qulaity of life of the participants were assessed at baseline and the end of the study. Fasting blood samples were collected for all subjects at baseline and at the end of the trial. Biochemical measurements including serum glycemic parameters, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, pentosidine, methylglyoxal, and s-RAGE were measured. Data were analyzed by indipendent Sample t-test, Paired Sample t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The mean age and BMI of all study subjects were 39.71 y and 31.04 kg/m2 ,repectively. There were no significant differences at baseline characteristics among the two study groups (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in weight , BMI, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) of subjcts between the two groups (All p>0.05). Following 8 weeks intervention, significant reductions in serum glycemic parameters were found in taurine group, compared to the placebo (P<0.05). Significant differences were also observed in TC and LDL-C levels in taurine group, compared to the placebo (All p<0.05). Serum pentosidine and MGO levels signifi¬cantly reduced in taurine group, compared to placebo groups (p=0.01, p=0.05, respectively). There was a significant increase in SOD after 8 weeks of taurine supplementation. In addition, serum level of MDA siginifcantly decreased in taurine group, compared with baseline. Furthermore, no significant within and between group changes were observed in serum HDL-C, TG, TAC, and s-RAGE levels in any group (All P>0.05). Moreover, no significant changes were shown in systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as physical activity level between the two groups. There were no significant differences in energy and macronutrient intakes in taurine group compared to placebo group at the baseline and end of the study (All p>0.01). Conclusion: The results of this clinical trial showed that taurine supplementation may decrease diabetes complications through reducing FBS levels as well as AGEs. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the long-term and dose-dependent effects of taurine on metabolic diseases. Keywords: taurine, pentosidin, methylglyoxal, soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products, advanced glycation end products