The antibacterial effect of suatained release mesoporous silica nanoparticles containing curcumin inside implant fixture; in vitro study

Abstract

Introduction: In this study, the antimicrobial effects of nanoparticles with an average particle size of 122 nm and rod morphology were investigated.Community Verified icon. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of sustained release silica nanoparticles containing curcumin within the implant fixture against the bacterial species Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: In this study, the antimicrobial effects of nanoparticles were investigated. (with an average particle size of 122 nm and rod morphology). First, to prove the sustained release of nanoparticles, the release test was used with the help of dissolution device No. 2 (Apparatus 2). Then, to evaluate the antimicrobial effects (colony counting method), 45 implants (DIO CO. Busan, South Korea,) in 5 groups and in bacterial culture medium were examined. In the first group, silica nanoparticles containing curcumin, in the second group, silica nanoparticles without curcumin, in the third group, curcumin, in the fourth group, the positive control group (chlorhexidine) and the last negative control group (distilled water) were used. The results were reported as descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation). Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the data. In order to compare the effect of curcumin-containing silica nanoparticles on three selected bacteria, one-way ANOVA test was used and to compare the antibacterial effect of five groups on three bacteria, Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Graph Pad version 9 software was used for data analysis. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as significancy level. Results: According to the results, the nanoparticles showed a two-stage release pattern (one rapid phase in the first 5 days and then a slow phase up to the 35th day). The results of microbial test showed that silica nanoparticles containing curcumin affected all three bacterial species and the number of colonies in all three bacteria was significantly reduced. The effect of nanoparticles on bacteria (reduction of colony number) was Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and finally Enterococcus faecalis, respectively, which was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The order for antimicrobial effect (reduction of colony number) on the five experimental groups on Staphylococcus aureus were silica nanoparticles containing curcumin, chlorhexidine and curcumin, respectively (P <0.001). The order for antimicrobial effect (reduction of colony number) on the five experimental groups on Escherichia coli were chlorhexidine, silica nanoparticles containing curcumin and curcumin, respectively. The order for antimicrobial effect (reduction of colony number) of the five experimental groups on Enterococcus faecalis were chlorhexidine, silica nanoparticles containing curcumin and curcumin, respectively. Curcumin-free silica nanoparticles had no significant antimicrobial effect. Water (negative control) had no antimicrobial effect on any of the bacteria. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of silica nanoparticles containing curcumin with a two-step and slow release pattern as well as significant antibacterial effects can be effective in controlling bacterial infection. The use of these nanoparticles in optimal formulation and appropriate concentration can replace the use of chemical antimicrobials in the future or to reduce bacterial resistance along with them. Sustained release profile of these substances can also increase its clinical efficacy.