The relationship of serum levels of spexin with lipid profile, metabolic syndrome, anthropometric indices and dietary intakes in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic individuals with obesity and normal weight

Abstract

bstract Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most challenging social health issues in the world. Despite its relatively simple diagnosis based on hyperglycemic status, complex processes are involved in the development of this disease, response to common medications and its side effects including microvascular and macrovascular complications. The most important risk factors for T2DM include overweight, physical inactivity, and poor nutrition. The relationship between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and the incidence of T2DM cannot be ignored. Spexin (SPX) is a lesser-known polypeptide that has been indicated to play a potential role in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, energy balance, and calorie intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum SPX levels and lipid profile, anthropometric indices, MetS components, and dietary intakes in people with/without diabetes and normal weight/obese individuals. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 168 individuals of both sexes in four groups (1. Non-diabetic with normal weight, 2. Non-diabetic with obesity, 3. Diabetic with normal weight, and 4. Diabetic with obesity) (n = 42 in each group). After 8-12 hours of fasting, blood samples (5 ml) were obtained and serum levels of insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and SPX were measured by ELISA method. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using the Friedwald formula. A three-day food record questionnaire was completed for each person. Anthropometric indices including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and blood pressure (BP) were measured using standard methods. Results: In the present study, investigating the relationship between serum SPX concentration and anthropometric and biochemical variables in the four groups indicated a significant negative relationship between serum SPX levels and FBS in obese healthy individuals (p<0.05) and also there was a significant negative between SPX concentrations with two other MetS components including WC values and serum TG levels in normal weight individuals (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed a significant inverse relationship of circulating levels of SPX with three components of MetS including FBS, WC and TG values in non-diabetic individuals. However, further studies are suggested to confirm the results. Keywords: Spexin, Diabetes, Metabolic syndrome components, Lipid profile.