Survey on scrap car management and disposal environmental in Iran

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Increased global demand for vehicles and environmental requirements arising from end-of-life vehicles (ELV), their management has become a global concern in terms of safety, economic and environmental. In Iran, the number of production vehicles is increasing every day. According to the reports provided, about 21 million cars are on the move on the roads of Iran. Hence, collecting and managing end-of-life vehicles (ELV) to maximize economic efficiency and reduce environmental effects challenging. ELV are valuable resources for reuse and recycling and are economically valuable waste. Given that, all components of vehicles constituent non-recyclable, so, the management and disposal of non-recyclable parts (that includes about 20 to 30% of the mass of scrapped vehicles) should be managed according to environmental, health, and safety principles. Non-recyclable parts include heavy metals, ozone-depleting substances, toxic organic materials (refractory bromites and compounds such as oils and petroleum products and types of solvents, chlorine gas, and airbag gases), which are classified as toxic and hazardous materials. This study was performed in Tabriz and Urmia, as a case study. This study aims to investigate the quantities and management of ELV in Iran and offer management solutions based on health and environmental principles for their disposal. Methods and Materials: In this study, the number of end-of-life vehicles (ELV) was estimated considering the number of numbered vehicles and also the useful life of the number of time-worn vehicles in the country. The current status of collection and management of end-of-life vehicles (ELV) in Iran were assessed through checklists, observations, field visits, and interviews. Finally, management solutions were proposed based on the literature, the experience of other countries, and the current state of affairs in Iran. Results: The results indicated that the average number of numbered vehicles between 2006 to 2019 estimated at roughly 1.734 million annually The results indicated that the average number of numbered vehicles between 2006 to 2019 estimated at roughly 1.734 million annually. Considering the useful life of all types of vehicles, Per capita car production in Iran during these years has increased from 6.90 units per 1000 people to 49.79 units per 1000 people. the average number of ELV between 2016-2029 was predicted at roughly 1.593 million annually. Considering the useful life of all types of vehicles, the average number of ELV between 2016-2029 was predicted at roughly 1.593 million annually. The lowest waste attributed to scrap cars was estimated in 2016 at 7.6 kg per capita per year. Based on the results, the average total mass of waste from ELV between these years was estimated at 2.138 million tons per year. The highest mass of production waste was related to the year 1408 with 5.170 million tons and per capita of 50.09 kg per year per person and the lowest was related to the year 2016 with 615 thousand tons per capita of 7.63 kg per year per person. Most mass production in the year 1408 with 5.170 million tons of waste per capita 50.09 kg per year per person in 1395 to 615 thousand tonnes per year Kmtrn related to 7.63 kg per year per person, respectively. Average components recycled scrap cars between the years 1.97 million tons and the average non-recyclable components, including paints, textiles, copper, zinc and manganese, and the other is about 168 thousand tons per year, respectively. Approximately 170 thousand tons of hazardous waste will be generated by scrap cars. In order to reduce the issues and problems related to scrap cars, according to the hierarchy of waste management in the current situation, it is possible to implement strategies such as: preventing the production of low-quality cars, encouraging people to use the public transportation system, change design and construction Vehicles based on environmental principles to achieve maximum recycling of vehicles, approval of laws and implementation of car scrapping policies, prevention of disposal of recyclable parts by approval of the law of maximum recycling, principled and hygienic disposal of non-recyclable parts of waste from scrap, He took measures to improve the current situation. Conclusion: The current situation of car scrapping in Iran is not favorable. So that if management measures are not taken, we will soon see more pollution in cities, especially metropolitan areas, regardless of the management issues related to scrapping and scrapping cars, which has many environmental and economic problems, not scrapping cars with an increasing trend. The production and use of this product has caused a crisis in the society and may cause irreparable environmental and safety problems.

Keywords: Scrap car, management, waste disposal, recycling, environmental pollution