Association between dietary lipophilic index and dietary acid load with the components of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia among adults in Tabriz city

Abstract

Background and purpose: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, as an important cause of death is increasing worldwide. It is estimated to be about 25% in adults, and its prevalence increases with age. Recently, the potential effect of dietary fatty acids on the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome has been studied and an index called the lipophilic index (LI) has been introduced, which determines the role of the fatty acid pattern in diet. On the other hand, the acidic index can play an important role in increasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components by changing the body's acid-base balance. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the relationship between lipophilic index and dietary acidic indices with components of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in adults in Tabriz. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 503 healthy adults 18-64 years old residents in Tabriz were selected. At the beginning of the study, the demographic questionnaire was completed and other questionnaires including food registration, activity and anthropometric data were filled out for all individuals. Metabolic syndrome Also, the prevalence of high waist and high blood cholesterol in women was significantly higher than men. The results of the study on the relationship between LI and components of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia showed that with increasing lipophilic index, LDL-C (P= 0.01), weight (P= 0.01), waist circumference (P= 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (P= 0.01) increased, while HDL-C decreased with increasing LI (P = 0.03). and, remained for HDL-C after adjusting for confounding variables (age, sex, and physical activity). Also, regarding the relationship between dietary acidity indices and components of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia with increasing PRAL, waist circumference (P= 0.01), LDL-C, (P= 0.01) and blood cholesterol (P= 0.01) increased and HDL-C levels decreased (P= 0.01). This association persisted even after adjusting for confounding variables (age, sex, and physical activity), except for serum cholesterol. Also, with increasing NEAP, the levels of systolic blood pressure (P= 0.02) and serum triglyceride (P= 0.04) increased and HDL-C decreased (P= 0.01). This association persisted even after adjusting for confounding variables (age, sex, and physical activity), except for serum triglycerides. There was also a significant difference in terms of total energy, protein content and fat percentage between different LI classes. In relation to PRAL and NEAP indices, with the increase of these indices, the percentage of protein, percentage of fat and total energy increased. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant relationship between lipophilic index and dietary acidity indices with some components of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia; therefore, reducing, the consumption of unhealthy fats and Reducing the consumption of Western diets and processed foods that have a high acidity index can be introduced as a way to prevent metabolic disorders.