Preparation and evaluation of temporary restorative material containing antimicrobial material of curcumin nanocrystals

Abstract

Introduction: Currently, in many dental procedures, final crown restoration does not occur at the endodontic treatment session. Therefore, the access cavity needs to be reconstructed with a temporary restoratation over a variable time period. Due to the importance of antibacterial properties of temporary restoration, we decided to prepare temporary dressings containing curcumin nanocrystals, which are used in endo-restorative multi-session treatments, and to measure the effect of this temporary restorative on microorganisms causing periapical and periodontal problems. Materials and Methods: The temporary restorative material (Coltosol, Coltene / Whaledent AG, Switzerland) was physically mixed with curcumin nanocrystals with an average particle size of 95 nm, at weight percentages of 80 to 20 and 70 to 30: . Mixing was continued until the ingredients were completely mixed. The prepared material were then subjected to physicochemical studies. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate possible connections and identify functional groups, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, TESCAN, Warrendale, PA) Morphological examination of the prepared materials was used. The standard concentration of curcumin inside the temporary restorative was prepared using a spectrophotometer (UV, Shimadzo, Japan) and the release pattern of curcumin from the structure of the temporary restorative matrix was evaluated using drug dissolution devices (USP apparatus II, paddle stirrer) and UV spectrophotometer. For microbial evaluation of nano-curcumin dressing, the disk method was used against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and after 24 hours of incubation at 35 ° C, the plates were examined for the diameter of the growth inhibition zone around the disks. it placed. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normality of the variable diameter distribution of growth inhibition zone. The significance level of the test was 0.05. To evaluate the hypothesis of homogeneity of variances of variable diameter haze of no growth in the studied groups, Leven test was used. Results: The results of electron microscope for morphological evaluations showed that the temporary restorative material and the nanocurcumin are evenly mixed. The pattern of curcumin release from the restoration was a two-stage release, 40% of which continued in the first two days and the rest slowly until the 12th day. No new interactions were observed in the FTIR and XRD spectra of the studied materials, which is the reason for the physical mixing of these two materials. The results of antimicrobial evaluations in our study showed that both types of temporary restoration 20 and 30% curcumin had antimicrobial properties. These two substances were able to grow all three types of selected bacteria. Statistical analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean diameter of stunted halo in Staphylococcus aureus and the mean in the other two types of bacteria. The mean variable diameter of inhibition zone in Staphylococcus aureus was higher than the mean in both other types of bacteria. Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean of the non-growth inhibition zone in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Also, the growth inhibition zone for the temporary restorative containing 30% of curcumin nanoparticles was larger than the growth inhibition aura of the temporary restorative containing 20% of the curcumin nanoparticles. However, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of new plant antimicrobials can be effective in controlling bacterial infections. The use of these nanoparticles in optimal formulation and appropriate concentration can replace the use of chemical antimicrobials in the future. There is a need for further laboratory studies on the physico-mechanical properties of the new material under study. Extensive cellular, animal, and clinical studies are also needed to demonstrate the function of temporary restorative containing nanocurcumin.