Biometric evaluation of maxillary sinus and buccal bone using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Abstract

Background/Aim: The maxillary sinus floor (MSF) may extend between the roots, or sometimes the root apices of posterior maxillary teeth may penetrate into the sinus cavity. Because of the close proximity between the roots and the MSF, infection and sinusitis may result from the introduction of foreign bodies, such as endodontic instruments and root filling materials, into the sinus during root canal treatment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationships between the maxillary sinus floor (MSF) and the root apices of maxillary posterior teeth and the distance from the root apex to the MSF and the buccal cortical plate. Method/Materials: In this descriptive-retrospective study, 210 CBCT scans of 101 males and 109 females that conformed to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study were selected from the radiology database at a dental clinic from Tabriz city. All the CBCTs were taken by a trained dentistry student with a supervision of a radiologist between 2018- 2020 years in the same machine (New Tom VGi). All measurements were executed in NNT viewer in CBCT cross sectional slices with distance and thickness of 0.3 mm. scans were observed in monitor with dimensions of 1920*1536, pixel size of 127*127 µm2 and pixel depth of 14 bit. Data were analyzed using T-Test and one-way ANOVA for comparing the results of subdivided groups. For reporting the total results of study, average ± standard deviation and percentages were used. Results were analyzed using SPSS 17 software and the significant level of this study was P<0.05. Results: The results of this study showed that the apices of the third molar of right side averagely had the most prevalence when protruding into the MSF (53.06 %), and in contrast, the apices of first premolars of left side showed the least prevalence when protruding into the MSF (2%). The apices of first molar of the right side showed the most tangential roots to MSF comparing to other groups (48.97%) and the apices of the first premolar of right side showed the least prevalence (24.37%) in the group of tangential roots to MSF. Palatal root of first premolar showed the most distance to MSF(9.81±3.93) and the least distance was observed in the mesiobuccal root of third molar(-1.38±0.89). Significant difference was observed between the distance of the roots of second molar and third molar to MSF (P<0.05) but there was no significant difference in First molar, second premolar and first premolars(P>0.05). the least distance between the root apices and buccal cortical plate was observed in buccal root of first premolar of left side(1.21±0.94) and the most distance was observed in palatal root of third molar of right side(13.23±1.09). Palatal roots of maxillary posterior teeth showed significant distance to buccal cortical plate in comparison with other roots(P<0.05). Conclusion: The apices of the third molar of right side averagely had the most prevalence when protruding into the MSF and in contrast, the apices of first premolars of left side showed the least prevalence when protruding into the MSF. Palatal root of first premolar showed the most distance to MSF and the least distance was observed in the mesiobuccal root of third molar. Significant difference was observed between the distance of the roots of second molar and third molar to MSF but there was no significant difference in First molar, second premolar and first premolars. the least distance between the root apices and buccal cortical plate was observed in buccal root of first premolar of left side and the most distance was observed in palatal root of third molar of right side. Palatal roots of maxillary posterior teeth showed significant distance to buccal cortical plate in comparison with other roots.